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Kidney
Kidney
Kidney
Anatomy
Potpourri
Function I
Function II Disorders
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What are the three functions of
the Kidney?
1. Remove Wastes
2. Maintain Water Balance
3. Maintain Ion / pH Balance
Name three components of blood
that do not make it past the
glomerular filter.
RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets, large
proteins
In osmosis, water moves from an
area of ______ concentration to
an area of _____ concentration.
Water moves from high
concentration to low
concentration
Where in the nephron is glucose
reabsorbed into the bloodstream?
Glucose is actively transported
back into the blood in the
proximal tubule
Why do our bodies need to
“deaminate” amino acids?
Removal of the amino group
occurs so that proteins can be
converted into carbohydrates for
storage
What is the outer part of the
kidney called?
Renal Cortex
At approx. what volume does
urine storage become painful?
Approx. 400 mL
What specific semi-permeable
structure acts as a high pressure
filter?
The Glomerulus is a high
pressure filter
These structures carry urine from
the kidneys to the bladder
Ureters carry urine from the
kidneys to the bladder.
Where in the nephron does the
majority of water reabsorption
occur?
The descending limb of the loop
of Henle is the site of most water
reabsorption
Where does the majority of
ACTIVE reabsorption and
secretion occur in the nephron?
The majority of ACTIVE
reabsorption and secretion occurs
in the proximal and distal tubules
During osmosis, water moves
from an area of _____ solute
concentration (hypotonic) to an
area of _____ solute
concentration (hypertonic).
Water will move from a
hypotonic solution (low solute) to
hypertonic (high solute)
Name three wastes products
removed by the Kidney
-Ammonia
- Urea
- Uric Acid
- H+
Name three substances that are
actively reabsorbed back into the
bloodstream
Na+, Glucose, Amino Acids, Vitamins, other
nutrients are all actively transported back into
the bloodstream
What area of the nephron has the
highest mitocondria
concentration and why?
Proximal and distal tubules have
lots of mitochondria due to the
amount of active transport that
takes place
The word “diabetes” comes from
a latin word meaning…
… increased urine output
Why does somebody with
diabetes mellitus have increased
urine output?
Diabetes mellitus = higher blood
glucose thus glucose “spills over”
into urine drawing water with it.
What is hemodialysis?
“artificial kidney” - blood is
pumped through a dialysis
machine that removes wastes
from the blood for somebody
with a damaged kidney
What is Diabetes Insipidus?
Diabetes insipidus is a
malfunction of ADH causing
decreased water reabsorption
When & why would somebody
undergo peritoneal dialysis and
why?
When their kidney / kidney’s are
not functioning but and require /
request more flexibility
How many people have won the
$1 million “Deal or No Deal”
prize?
0 - Nobody has picked the right
case yet.
Explain the effect of Antidiuretic
Hormone (ADH)
ADH increases water
reabsorption
What size cube has a the largest
surface area to volume ratio:
1cm, 10cm, or 1m
The 1cm cube has the largest
surface area to volume ratio - an
important concept in Biology
What type of food and/or drink is
allowed in the classrooms at
MCHS?
WATER ONLY! (and sometimes
doughnuts if there is enough for
the whole class)
How is aldosterone different than
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
Aldosterone and ADH increase
water reaborption, but
aldosterone does so indirectly
through the reabsorption of Na+
(sodium)