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Chapter 14 Clickers
Conceptual
Integrated Science
Second Edition
Organic
Compounds
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why does the melting point of hydrocarbons
increase as the number of carbon atoms per
molecule increases?
a) Because of greater induced dipole–induced
dipole molecular attractions.
b) An increase in the number of carbon atoms per
molecules also means an increase in the density
of the hydrocarbon.
c) The molecular mass also increases.
d) Larger hydrocarbon chains tend to be branched.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why does the melting point of hydrocarbons
increase as the number of carbon atoms per
molecule increases?
a) Because of greater induced dipole–induced
dipole molecular attractions.
b) An increase in the number of carbon atoms per
molecules also means an increase in the density
of the hydrocarbon.
c) The molecular mass also increases.
d) Larger hydrocarbon chains tend to be branched.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hydrocarbons release a lot of energy when
ignited. Where does this energy ultimately come
from?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The formation of chemical bonds.
Photosynthesis.
The breaking of chemical bonds.
Nuclear fusion in the Sun.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hydrocarbons release a lot of energy when
ignited. Where does this energy ultimately come
from?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The formation of chemical bonds.
Photosynthesis.
The breaking of chemical bonds.
Nuclear fusion in the Sun.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many structural isomers are shown here?
a)
b)
c)
d)
1
2
3
none
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many structural isomers are shown here?
a)
b)
c)
d)
1
2
3
none
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which two of these four structures are the same?
A
a)
b)
c)
d)
A and B.
B and C.
C and D.
D and A.
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B
C
D
Which two of these four structures are the same?
A
a)
b)
c)
d)
A and B.
B and C.
C and D.
D and A.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
B
C
D
How many structural isomers are there for
hydrocarbons having the molecular formula
C5H12?
a)
b)
c)
d)
3
4
5
6
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many structural isomers are there for
hydrocarbons having the molecular formula
C5H12?
a)
b)
c)
d)
3
4
5
6
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many structural isomers are there for
hydrocarbons having the molecular formula
C6H14?
a)
b)
c)
d)
3
4
5
6
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many structural isomers are there for
hydrocarbons having the molecular formula
C6H14?
a)
b)
c)
d)
3
4
5
6
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many structural isomers are there for
hydrocarbons having the molecular formula
C8H18?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3
4
6
8
More than 10
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many structural isomers are there for
hydrocarbons having the molecular formula
C8H18?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3
4
6
8
More than 10
Explanation:
There are 18 different structural isomers for this
formula. For higher formulas the number of different
structural isomers grows exponentially.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a fractionating tower, crude oil vapors pass from
the pipe still into the column. Closer to the bottom
of the column, kerosene is pulled off before
gasoline, which is pulled off closer to the top.
From this information, which has a higher boiling
point, gasoline or kerosene?
a) Gasoline has the higher boiling point.
b) Kerosene has the higher boiling point.
c) Their boiling points are the same, but kerosene has the
greater density.
d) Fractional distillation components are pulled off based
on molecular weight, so it is not possible to know which
has the higher boiling point from the information given.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a fractionating tower, crude oil vapors pass from
the pipe still into the column. Closer to the bottom
of the column, kerosene is pulled off before
gasoline, which is pulled off closer to the top.
From this information, which has a higher boiling
point, gasoline or kerosene?
a) Gasoline has the higher boiling point.
b) Kerosene has the higher boiling point.
c) Their boiling points are the same, but kerosene has the
greater density.
d) Fractional distillation components are pulled off based
on molecular weight, so it is not possible to know which
has the higher boiling point from the information given.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Carbon–carbon single bonds can rotate, but
carbon–carbon double bonds cannot rotate. How
many different structures are shown below?
a)
b)
c)
d)
1
2
3
4
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Carbon–carbon single bonds can rotate, but
carbon–carbon double bonds cannot rotate. How
many different structures are shown below?
a)
b)
c)
d)
1
2
3
4
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which contains more hydrogen atoms:
a five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon molecule, or
a five-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule?
a) The unsaturated hydrocarbon has more hydrogen
atoms.
b) The saturated hydrocarbon has more hydrogen
atoms.
c) They both have the same number of hydrogen
atoms.
d) It depends upon whether the unsaturation is due to
a double or a triple bond.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which contains more hydrogen atoms:
a five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon molecule, or
a five-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule?
a) The unsaturated hydrocarbon has more hydrogen
atoms.
b) The saturated hydrocarbon has more hydrogen
atoms.
c) They both have the same number of hydrogen
atoms.
d) It depends upon whether the unsaturation is due to
a double or a triple bond.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Heteroatoms make a difference in the physical
and chemical properties of an organic molecule,
because
a) they add extra mass to the hydrocarbon structure.
b) each heteroatom has its own characteristic
chemistry.
c) they can enhance the polarity of the organic
molecule.
d) all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Heteroatoms make a difference in the physical
and chemical properties of an organic molecule,
because
a) they add extra mass to the hydrocarbon structure.
b) each heteroatom has its own characteristic
chemistry.
c) they can enhance the polarity of the organic
molecule.
d) all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why is 2,4,5-trifluorophenol much more acidic
than phenol?
a) The fluorines have high electronegativities and
help to stabilize the negative charges.
b) The fluorines adjacent to the OH group are large and
shield the hydroxyl group from making the solution
basic.
c) The fluorines destabilize the benzene ring and thus
give the structure more acidic characteristics.
d) False! 2,4,5-Trifluorophenol is actually not more acidic
than phenol.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why is 2,4,5-trifluorophenol much more acidic
than phenol?
a) The fluorines have high electronegativities and
help to stabilize the negative charges.
b) The fluorines adjacent to the OH group are large and
shield the hydroxyl group from making the solution
basic.
c) The fluorines destabilize the benzene ring and thus
give the structure more acidic characteristics.
d) False! 2,4,5-Trifluorophenol is actually not more acidic
than phenol.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The solvent diethyl ether can be mixed with water but only by
shaking the two liquids together. After the shaking is stopped,
the liquids separate into two layers, much like oil and vinegar.
The free-base form of the alkaloid caffeine is readily soluble in
diethyl ether but not in water. Suggest what might happen to
the caffeine of a caffeinated beverage if the beverage was first
made alkaline with sodium hydroxide and then shaken with
some diethyl ether.
a)
b)
c)
d)
The caffeine would transform into the free base and transfer
into the diethyl ether.
The caffeine would transform into the free acid and transfer into
the diethyl ether.
The water layer would turn a pink color indicating an alkaline pH.
The diethyl ether and water would mix into one layer.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The solvent diethyl ether can be mixed with water but only by
shaking the two liquids together. After the shaking is stopped,
the liquids separate into two layers, much like oil and vinegar.
The free-base form of the alkaloid caffeine is readily soluble in
diethyl ether but not in water. Suggest what might happen to
the caffeine of a caffeinated beverage if the beverage was first
made alkaline with sodium hydroxide and then shaken with
some diethyl ether.
a)
b)
c)
d)
The caffeine would transform into the free base and transfer
into the diethyl ether.
The caffeine would transform into the free acid and transfer into
the diethyl ether.
The water layer would turn a pink color indicating an alkaline pH.
The diethyl ether and water would mix into one layer.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The amino acid lysine is shown below. What
functional group must be removed in order to
produce cadaverine (1,5-pentanediamine)?
a) The hydrogen (shown) must be
removed and replaced with an
amino (NH2) group.
b) Lysine is 1,5-pentanediamine.
Nothing has to be removed.
c) The carboxyl group must be
removed and replaced with a
hydrogen.
d) One amino group must be
removed and replaced with a
hydrogen.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The amino acid lysine is shown below. What
functional group must be removed in order to
produce cadaverine (1,5-pentanediamine)?
a) The hydrogen (shown) must be
removed and replaced with an
amino (NH2) group.
b) Lysine is 1,5-pentanediamine.
Nothing has to be removed.
c) The carboxyl group must be
removed and replaced with a
hydrogen.
d) One amino group must be
removed and replaced with a
hydrogen.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
One solution to the problem of overflowing landfills
is to burn plastics instead of burying them. What
would be some of the advantages and
disadvantages of this practice?
a) Disadvantage: toxic air pollutants. Advantage:
reduced landfill volume.
b) Disadvantage: loss of vital petroleum-based
resource. Advantage: generation of electricity.
c) Disadvantage: discourages recycling. Advantage:
provides new jobs.
d) All of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
One solution to the problem of overflowing landfills
is to burn plastics instead of burying them. What
would be some of the advantages and
disadvantages of this practice?
a) Disadvantage: toxic air pollutants. Advantage:
reduced landfill volume.
b) Disadvantage: loss of vital petroleum-based
resource. Advantage: generation of electricity.
c) Disadvantage: discourages recycling. Advantage:
provides new jobs.
d) All of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The copolymer styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR),
shown below, is used for making tires as well as
bubble gum. Is it an addition polymer or a
condensation polymer?
a) SBR is a condensation polymer.
b) SBR is neither an addition nor a condensation
polymer.
c) SBR is an addition polymer.
d) SBR is both an addition and a condensation
polymer.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The copolymer styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR),
shown below, is used for making tires as well as
bubble gum. Is it an addition polymer or a
condensation polymer?
a) SBR is a condensation polymer.
b) SBR is neither an addition nor a condensation
polymer.
c) SBR is an addition polymer.
d) SBR is both an addition and a condensation
polymer.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The compound 6-aminohexanoic acid is used to
make the condensation polymer nylon-6.
Polymerization is not always successful, however,
because of a competing side reaction. What is this
side reaction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
One 6-aminohexanoic acid reacts with another, and this reaction
is favored in dilute solutions.
One end of the 6-aminohexanoic acid reacts with the other, and
this reaction is favored in concentrated solutions.
One end of the 6-aminohexanoic acid reacts with the other,
and this reaction is favored in dilute solutions.
One 6-aminohexanoic acid reacts with another, and this reaction
is favored in concentrated solutions.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The compound 6-aminohexanoic acid is used to
make the condensation polymer nylon-6.
Polymerization is not always successful, however,
because of a competing side reaction. What is this
side reaction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
One 6-aminohexanoic acid reacts with another, and this reaction
is favored in dilute solutions.
One end of the 6-aminohexanoic acid reacts with the other, and
this reaction is favored in concentrated solutions.
One end of the 6-aminohexanoic acid reacts with the other,
and this reaction is favored in dilute solutions.
One 6-aminohexanoic acid reacts with another, and this reaction
is favored in concentrated solutions.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which accurately depicts the order of the year in
which these plastics were developed? Left to right
from earliest to latest:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nylon, Rubber, Polyethylene, Saran.
Rubber, Polyethylene, Nylon, Saran.
Nylon, Saran, Polyethylene, Rubber.
Rubber, Nylon, Saran, Polyethylene.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which accurately depicts the order of the year in
which these plastics were developed? Left to right
from earliest to latest:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nylon, Rubber, Polyethylene, Saran.
Rubber, Polyethylene, Nylon, Saran.
Nylon, Saran, Polyethylene, Rubber.
Rubber, Nylon, Saran, Polyethylene.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Organic chemicals are so suitable for making
drugs because
a) our bodies are also made of organic chemicals.
b) they can be produced fairly inexpensively from
petroleum.
c) of the vast diversity of structures they can form.
d) they tend to dissolve well within the bloodstream.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Organic chemicals are so suitable for making
drugs because
a) our bodies are also made of organic chemicals.
b) they can be produced fairly inexpensively from
petroleum.
c) of the vast diversity of structures they can form.
d) they tend to dissolve well within the bloodstream.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is better for you: a drug that is a natural
product or one that is synthetic?
a) Whether a drug is good for you does not depend
upon whether the drug occurs naturally or was
synthesized in the laboratory.
b) Synthetic products are generally better for you,
because they lack impurities that could bring on side
effects.
c) Drugs extracted from natural products are invariably
better for you.
d) Drugs extracted from natural products are better
except in the case where the synthetic drug is a replica
of the drug found in nature.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is better for you: a drug that is a natural
product or one that is synthetic?
a) Whether a drug is good for you does not depend
upon whether the drug occurs naturally or was
synthesized in the laboratory.
b) Synthetic products are generally better for you,
because they lack impurities that could bring on side
effects.
c) Drugs extracted from natural products are invariably
better for you.
d) Drugs extracted from natural products are better
except in the case where the synthetic drug is a replica
of the drug found in nature.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
1-chlorobutane and 2-chloro-3-methylpropane are
examples of:
a)
b)
c)
d)
conformational isomers.
structural isomers.
geometric isomers.
stereoisomers.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
1-chlorobutane and 2-chloro-3-methylpropane are
examples of:
a)
b)
c)
d)
conformational isomers.
structural isomers.
geometric isomers.
stereoisomers.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.