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Coniferae family
Presented by,
Dr. Shenu P. Kareem
INTRODUCTION
 Coniferae is a large order of cone bearing plants.
 The major group of alkaloids of Coniferae order is Terpene
alkaloids.
MEDICINES BELONGING TO
THE CONIFERAE FAMILY
• Abies canadensis
• Abies nigra
• Cupressus australis
• Cupressus lawsoniana
• Junipernus communis
• Junipernus verginianus
• Larix decidua
• Pinus cupressus
• Pinus lambertiana
• Pinus sylvestris
• Pix liquida
• Sabina juniperus
• Sequoia sembervivens
• Taxus buccata
• Terebinthina
• Terebinthina chios
• Thuja lobii
• Thuja occidentalis
MAJOR ALKALOIDS OF
CONIFERAE FAMILY
ABIES CANADENSIS
 PINENE
 BORNYL ACETATE
 CANDINENE
 TANIC ACID
JUNIPERNUS COMMUNIS
 SABININOL
 PININE
 CAMPHENE
 TURPINOL
PINUS LAMBERTIANA
 PINITOL
PIX LIQUIDA
 OIL OF TURPENTINE
 RESINS
 ACETIC ACID
 ACETONE
 METHYL ALCHOHOL
SABINA JUNIPERNUS
 SABINOL
 SABINENE
 CADINENE
 THUJONE
TAXUS BUCCATA
 TAXINEN B
 ISO TOXINE B
TEREBINTHINA
 TERPENE
 MONOTERPENE
 BETE PINENE
 ALPHA PINENE
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS
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THUJONE
PUNITANNIC ACID
THUJETIC ACID
TANNIN
PINIPICRINE
RESIN
QUERCITRIN
QUERCETIN
VOLATILE OIL
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS
THUJONE
 Major alkaloid present in Thuja
 Main action is GABA receptor antagonist.
GABA
 Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
 Required as an INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER to
block the transmission of an impulse from one cell to another
in the central nervous system, which prevents over-firing of
the nerve cells.
 Used for BRAIN METABOLISM
 Used as a SEXUAL STIMULANT because of its relaxing
capabilities, as well as with prostate problems, since it also
assists with the RELEASE OF SEX HORMONES.
 REGULATION OF MUSCLE TONE.
Nerve signals are constantly being fired in muscle tissue to
stimulate it. This causes muscle to maintain it's strength.
However if this nerve signal isn't regulated and inhibited
occasionally, muscle tissue would hypertrophy. GABA blocks
that nerve signal when appropriate.
 Precursor to sleep.
 More concentrated in the hypothalamus region of the brain
and is known to play a role in the overall functioning
of the pituitary gland – which regulates growth hormone
synthesis, sleep cycles, and body temperature.
 Needed by our BODY'S METABOLISM to break down
food and make energy-rich molecules in cells.
 Our bodies are in a constant "on" state because of constant
nerve impulses. Without GABA's causing an occasional "off"
state their would be no resting state.
INHIBITORY OR CALMING NEUROTRANSMITTER
which can relieve tensions and anxieties.
 HIGHER BRAIN FUNCTIONS SUCH AS VISUAL
RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE
REQUIRE THE PROCESSING OF INFORMATION IN
THE BRAIN. This ability declines as we age. This decline
appears to be due to a reduction in GABA in the brain.
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SYMPTOMS IN RELATION TO
THE ALKALOIDS
REDUCED GABA  ANXIETY
 Anxiety
 Depression
 Feelings of hopelessness
 Mood swings
 Sudden onset of phobias or fears
 Short temper
 Stress headache
GABA Reduced Low GH ACCUMULATION
OF FAT IN WAIST AND HIP LINE
Reduced GABA INSOMNIA
Reduced GABA  Brain metabolism altered No
nutrition supply RAPID EXHAUSTION
Reduced GABA Unwanted firing of neurons No
inhibitions  MUSCLE TWITCHINGS AND
EPILEPSY
Reduced GABA Reduced GH AGEING VERY
FAST SKIN WRINKLED, DRY
Reduced GABA Prostatic problems
HYPERTROPHY
ACTION OF OTHER
ALKALOIDS IN THUJA
DIURETIC (Causing Increased Passing Of Urine)
 Frequent micturition. Desire sudden and uncontrollable.
SUDORIFIC
 Profuse perspiration which is strong and sweetish
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTISEPTIC
 Ill effects of vaccination and gonnorhoea
EMMENAGOGUE
 Copious and bright red menses
AROMATIC
 Perspiration strong and sweetish.
 Sour smelling like honey sweat from genitals
TEREBINTHINIAE OLEUM
ALPHA AND BETA PINENES
 Spasmolytic and myorelaxant
Activity on the smooth muscles of the intestine . These
effects may explain their traditional use in the German
and Polish traditional drugs for colic, diarrhea, cough
and asthma. This antispasmodic activity would be due to
the inhibition of the calcium channels.
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 Anti Inflammmatory
Enterocolitis, Stomatitis, Glossitis, Inflammation Of
Kidneys, Urethritis, Metritis, Cystitis……….
 Regeneration Of Islets Of Langerhans
Used in DM
 Anticarcinogenic
Cytotoxic on cancer cells
Generalities- Cancerous affections – Terebinthina (3)
 Potent Diuretic
Dropsy, Scanty suppressed, Passive
 Bactericidal,Fungicidal,Insecticidal,Pesticidal
Worms, Lumbricoids, Pustular eruptions, Urticaria
 Analgesic activity
Strangury, painful erections, Burning pain in the region
of kidneys, Pulsative pain in skin, Drawing pain in the
right kidney extending to hip….
TURPENE
 A poisonous does of oil of turpentain causes a burning pain in
the mouth ,throat and stomach followed by
thirst,voomitting,diarrhoea,contracted pupils
giddiness,drowsiness,cold skin
excitement,cynosis,convulsion,coma and death.owing to it’s
irritating action on the kiidney the patient complains of
strangury and scanty dark urine,which contain bllod and
albumin,and smell of violet.the persons show symptoms of
anuria if large quantie taken.if applied to the skin oil of
turpentain produce redsness and itching followed by
vesicasion
 Inhalation of turpentin vapour produce the irritation of
eye,head ach,dizziness and irritation of respiratry passages
are even chemical pneumonities(or) pulmonary oedema
SABINA
EMMENAGOGUE
o Menses profuse and bright
o Discharge of blood between periods
o Haemorrhage partly clotted
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