Download Chp. 5

Prenatal Factors Affecting Motor
Development
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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FAS
FAE
Alcohol related birth defects (ARBD)
Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
(ARND)
Alcohol
• Leading cause of birth defects
in U.S.
• ~ 40,000 infants/ year
FAS
• ARND & ARBD = occur ~ 3 times as often
as FAS.
• Currently based on Mother
• Researchers studying male’s role.
• Full FASD = Intellectual
and physical defects
• FAE = less severe (ARND)
• (ARND) children = ignored due to
“normalcy”
“If a pregnant woman drinks alcohol but her
child does not have all of the symptoms of
FAS, it is possible that her child has an
alcohol-related neurodevelopmental
disorder (ARND).”
retrieved from CDC-2/15/05(http://www.cdc.gov)
Characteristics of F.A.S
FAS Facts
• Secondary problems for FAS & ARNDdifficulties in school, alcohol & drug
abuse, problems with law, etc
• 1998- $2.8 billion annual cost
• 2006 – $5.4 billion
Smoking
• Maternal smoking linked with SIDS
• SIDS: 3 to 4 times more likely to die
from SIDS, when Moms smoke before
and after birth
Drugs
• Possible effects of Cocaine
– Fetal Brain damage
–Hypertension
–LBW
–Learning Disabilities
• Why are prescriptive drugs
problematic to the fetus?
• Would over-the-counter
drugs be problematic?
Chromosomal Disorders
• Down Syndrome
– AKA ?
–Most common chromosomal
alteration
– 47 vs 46 chromosomes
– seems to be age related
• Atlanto-Axial Subluxation
• Cardiovascular defects
• Motor development rates
=same sequence, slower rate
Motor Development Research
and Infants with Down Syndrome
• Delays in emergence of
reflexes
• Delays in attaining motor
milestones
• Ulrich Research (p. 96)
Maternal Diseases
• Rubella
• HIV
• Genital herpes
• Chlamydia
Teen Pregnancy
• Gallahue statistics
Prenatal
Diagnostic Procedures
• Ultrasound
• Amniocentesis