Download Dropping Out of School

Foundations of
American Education, Fifth Edition
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
1
Chapter 10
Students at Risk
PowerPoint Presentation
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
2
Identifying At-Risk Students
– underachievement
– retention in grade
– social maladjustment
– discipline problems
– dropping out of school
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
3
Identifying At-Risk Students (continued)
– little parental support
– physical problems
– using or abusing drugs or alcohol
– premature, unprotected sexual activity
– victim of violence
(or perpetrator of violence)
– contemplation of suicide
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
4
Resiliency Factors
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social competence
problem-solving skills
autonomy
sense of purpose and future
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
5
Protective Factors
– supportive relationships
– these student characteristics:
• self-esteem
• motivation
• problem-solving skills
• conflict resolution skills
• acceptance of responsibility
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
6
Protective Factors (continued)
– the family
parental support and concern
parental involvement in school
– the community
– the school
academic success and pro-social skills
– culture and religion
the purpose of life
support of self-preservation
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
7
The Effects of
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
At-risk behaviors
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unintentional injury
school failure
unintended pregnancy
AIDS and sexually transmitted infections
violent and abusive behavior
psychological and social problems
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
8
Identifying Alcohol and Drug Use
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low self-esteem
antisocial and aggressive behavior
lack of engagement at school
poor school achievement
family factors
– substance abuse by parents
– poverty
– violence
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
9
Prevention and Intervention
Strategies
• school and community programs
• support programs that teach:
– the consequences of drug use
– that most people do not use drugs
– a recognition of social and peer pressure
– a resistance of illegal drug use
– the dangers of emerging drugs
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10
Suicide Rates
Suicide is the second leading cause of death
among U.S. students 15 to 19.
The suicide rate varies by:
– gender
– race or ethnicity
– geographic locale
– sexual identity
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
11
Suicide Prevention Strategies
Identify such students, to teach them to:
– improve self-esteem
– develop decision-making skills
– develop coping skills
– develop problem-solving skills
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
12
Suicide Intervention Strategies
– crisis intervention team approach
– referral to
community mental health agency
or hospital
– individual and group counseling
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
13
Dropping Out of School
Dropping out has consequences to:
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the individual
society
the individual’s future finances
the society’s economy
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
14
Identifying Potential Dropouts
– poor academic performance
– retained in at least one grade
– lack of basic skills
– problems at home
– history of school transfer
and family moves
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
15
Identifying Potential Dropouts
(continued)
– parent or sibling who dropped out
– dislike of school
– low socioeconomic status
– lack of parental involvement
– limited English proficiency
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
16
Identifying Potential Dropouts
(continued)
– low self-esteem
– institutional racism
– poor peer relationships
– conflict between home and school
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
17
Helping Students from Dropping
Out of School
• Prevention
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early identification
monitoring
mentoring
special at-risk programs
• Intervention
– mandatory suspension of driver’s license
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
18
Teenage Pregnancy
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extent of the problem
racial and ethnic differences
comparisons with other countries
myths
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
19
Profound Implications of
Adolescent Pregnancy
Teen pregnancy has an impact on:
Health care and social services
Poverty and crime
Family relationships
Schools
The economics of society
The health of the teen mother
The mother may have a lack of prenatal care, resulting in
inadequate nutrition and a high mortality rate for both
mother and child.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
20
Preventing Teenage Pregnancy
– abstinence
– birth-control information
– contraceptives
– family planning
– school-based clinics
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
21
Intervention Action for
Teenage Pregnancy
– prenatal care
– parenting programs
– vocational counseling
– personal counseling
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
22
HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually
Transmitted Infections (STI)
• Prevalence of HIV/AIDS:
5,208 teens 13 to 19 are known to be HIV+
(1985-2003)
• Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STI):
9.5 million STI infections each year
among teens 15 to 24
• Black or Hispanic adolescents most
vulnerable
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
23
HIV/AIDS and STI:
Prevention and Intervention
– target risk behavior
– use social learning theory
– personalize risk information
– address social and media influences
– reinforce the use of safer-sex protections
– provide practice in communication skills
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
24
Child Abuse and Neglect
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physical abuse
child neglect
sexual abuse
emotional abuse
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
25
Identifying
Child Abuse and Neglect
When school employees report
suspected child abuse or neglect,
they are provided immunity from
civil and criminal liability,
if the report was made in good faith.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
26
Preventing
Child Abuse and Neglect
– increase the student’s
knowledge and awareness
– teach students:
an awareness of body parts
the skills of assertiveness and refusal
how to obtain help
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
27
What the School Can Do About
Child Abuse and Neglect
– recognize the signs
– report suspected cases
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
28
Incidences of
School Violence
murder
rape
robbery
aggravated assault
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
29
Bullying
Psychologists believe that bullies harass others because of
peer pressure, the need for attention, low self-worth, abuse in
their early childhood, what they have seen at home or in the
community, what they view in the media, and because
weapons are easily accessible.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
30
Preventing Bullying
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discipline codes
life skills training
peer mediation
conflict resolution
law education programs
increased security on campus
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
31
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender,
and Questioning Youth (GLBT)
• About 2 million school-age youth are in the
GLBT category.
• Although these students are verbally and
physically harassed at school, only some of
the time do school staff intervene.
• But the case Nabozny v. Podlesny (1996)
mandates that schools must always protect
students from harassment.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
32
Improving Life at School
for GLBT Youth
– provide a secure environment
– offer staff development courses about GLBT
issues
– develop nondiscrimination policies
– address youth’s sexuality and sexual-identity
issues
– access community resources
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of
American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
33