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Tube dilution tests A series of culture tubes are prepared, each containing a liquid medium and a different concentration of a chemotherapeutic agent. The tubes are then inoculated with the test organism and incubated for 16-20 hours at 35C. After incubation, the tubes are examined for turbidity (growth). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC): Is the lowest concentration of chemotherapeutic agent capable of preventing growth of the test organism. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC): Is the lowest concentration of the chemotherapeutic agent that results in no growth (turbidity) of the subcultures. The agar diffusion test (Bauer-Kirby test): In this test, the in vitro response of bacteria to a standardized antibiotic-containing disc has been correlated with the clinical response of patients given that drug. The MIC for each agent was then compared to the usually-attained blood level in the patient with adequate dosage. Categories of "Resistant,“ "Intermediate," and "Sensitive" were then established. Disk-Diffusion Test Epsilo-meter test • It’s a new technique for direct detection of MIC, a graduated increasing concentration of the antibiotic is fixed along a rectangular plastic test strip which is applied to the surface of an inoculated agar plate, after over night incubation a tear drop shaped inhibition zone is seen. • The zone edge intersect the graded test strip at the MIC of the antimicrobial. E Test E Test Effects of Combinations of Drugs • Synergism occurs when the effect of two drugs together is greater than the effect of either alone. • Antagonism occurs when the effect of two drugs together is less than the effect of either alone. Kirby-Bauer animation