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MALARIA IN KENYA
JEREMY arvid ODERA CHEK
KENYA
DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFORMATION
Population a: 32,020,244 (2002)
Age structure a:
● 0-14 years 43%
● 15-64 years 54%
● 65 years and over 3%
Population growth rate a: 2.18% (2000-2005)
Life expectancy at birth (2000-2005) a:
● Total population 49.3 years
● Male 49.9 years
● Female 48.7 years
Infant and child mortality (per 1000 LB) c, d:
● Neonatal mortality rate (1998) 28.4
● Infant mortality rate (2001) 78
● Childhood mortality rate (1998) 40.8
● Under five mortality rate (2001) 122
National Health Indicators (2000) :
● Per capita GDP in US dollars
● Total expenditure on health as % of GDP
● Per capita total expenditure on health in
● Per capita government expenditure on
● General Government expenditure on
health as % of total general government
expenditure
● Total national budget for malaria as % of
total national health budget
Global Fund support to fight Malaria:
● The Global Fund has approved an amount of
US$ 10,526,880 for a period of two years for the
project submitted by Kenya to address and reduce
the impact of malaria.
Number of districts in the country:
b
1,396
8.3
115
26
8.1
N/A
77
Sources: a United Nation Population Division - 2000 World Population Prospects: Population Database: The 2002 Revision, http://esa.un.org/unpp
b WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS): Country Official Health Indicators, http://www.who.int/whosis
c Human Development Report, UNDP (2003)
d Demographic and Health Survey in Kenya (1998)
HEALTH PROBLEMS
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HIV/AIDS
MALARIA.
Tuberculosis
Schistosomiasis
Trypanosomiasis
Leishmaniasis
Cholera
Amoebiasis
Typhoid Fever
Leprosy
Onchocerciasis
Lymphatic Filariasis
MALARIA EPIDEMIOLOGY:
• Anopheles Species :
Forty one (41) Anopheles species have been
documented in the country. The following anopheles
species are malaria vectors: An. Merus, An. Nili,
An. Gambiae, An. Funestus, An. Coustani, An. Pharoensis,
An. Arabiensis, An. Paludis
• Malaria Parasite Species:
The main parasite is Plasmodium falciparum.
Malaria Transmission Season :
There are two transmission seasons in Kenya. They
vary from one province to another. The first Malaria
Transmission Season is from January to December
while the second is from October to January but in
one area it occurs only in April.
Malaria Risk :
Population at Risk of malaria 100%
Negligible Risk 16%
Epidemic Risk 30%
Endemic Risk 54%
Precautions
Travellers and their advisers should note the four
principles of malaria protection:
— Be Aware of the risk, the incubation period, and the
main symptoms.
— Avoid being Bitten by mosquitoes, especially between
dusk and dawn.
— Take antimalarial drugs (Chemoprophylaxis) when
appropriate, to prevent
infection from developing into clinical disease.
— Immediately seek Diagnosis and treatment if a fever
develops one week
or more after entering an area where there is a malaria
risk, and up to
3 months after departure from a risk area.
CASE MANAGEMENT AND DRUG POLICY:
Antimalarial Drug Policy:
Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine is the first line drug for
uncomplicated Malaria. It is also used for the prevention
of malaria in pregnancy. Amodiaquine is the second-line
(treatment failure) drug and Quinine is recommended
for Severe Malaria.