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Chapter 14
Youth Gangs
Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Youth Gangs

A loose or formal collection of 12- to 24year-olds who identify themselves as a
common group, have a group name, wear
group clothing, and use other group
identifiers
Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Female Gangs
Number of female members of male gangs
and all-female gangs is steadily rising
 Females involved in fewer violent crimes
than males, more in property and status
offenses

Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Common Identifiers

Names, colors, tattoos, insignias, language,
hairstyles, jewelry, hand signs, graffiti
Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Gang Membership
All large cities, most mid-sized cities, and
many small cities have a significant gang
presence
 Rural communities report significant gang
activity

Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Gang Membership and Criminal
Behavior
A clear relationship between gang activity
and criminal behavior exists
 Youth gang members are more involved than
non-gang members, even where non-gang
members are high risk in other ways

Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Risk Factors for Gang
Membership
Early involvement in delinquency
 Violence and drug use
 Poor academic performance
 Poor parent-child relationship
 Disorganized neighborhood
 Peers involved in gangs

Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Penalty Enhancement for
Gang Membership
Most states have enhanced penalty
provisions if the defendant is involved in a
gang
 These statutes require intent to engage in
criminal enterprise
 Gang membership qualifies juveniles as
habitual juvenile offenders

Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Controlling Gangs
Statutes are difficult to craft
 Many states issue injunctions against gang
activities
 States apply anti-gathering, loitering, and
anti-hazing laws to gangs, especially
initiation rites
 States require youths to register as gang
members

Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.