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AJ 50 – Introduction to Administration of Justice Chapter 11 Prisons and Jails State and Federal Prisons Prison – – – Steady increase in prison population over past 30 years – State or federal confinement facility having custodial authority over adults 1,325 state, 84 federal Varying levels of Security In 2007, 1 of every 200 US residents was spending more than a year in prison Prison population characteristics – – – – – – Low education/functionally illiterate Drug dependence Unemployed Parents of young children Mental health problems Manic depression Philosophy of Imprisonment Original goal of US prisons was Rehabilitation – Alternative to corporal punishment Justice Model of Imprisonment – – Follows “Just Deserts” philosophy Focus on responsibility and punishment Prison Overcrowding Prison Capacity = The size of the inmate population the facility can effectively hold Rated Capacity – Operational Capacity – Based on expert opinion Based on management considerations Design Capacity – Based on original plans when facility built Security Levels Maximum – – Medium – – Most serious offenders Most restrictive environment More prisoner interaction/freedom of movement Generally smaller than maximum facilities Minimum – – Dorm-style housing Recreation, education, skills-training Classification System Criteria for assigning inmates to particular security level based on… – – – Criminal History Danger/Violence Escape Risk Adult Internal Management System (AIMS) – – – Record of misconduct Ability to follow staff directions Level of aggression towards other inmates Federal Prison System Five security levels… Administrative Maximum (ADMAX) High Security – US Penitentiaries Medium Security – Federal Correctional Inst. Low Security – Federal Correctional Inst. Minimum Security – Federal Prison Camps Jails Managed by local Law Enforcement – Usually County Sheriff’s Department Usually for adult offenders Mixed population of those… – – Pending/undergoing adjudication Adjudicated/serving sentence – Usually one year or less Awaiting transfer to prison Jail Statistics 3,360 US jails 780,000 inmates in US jails – 207,000 jail employees – 13% women About one-per-three inmates Annual operation = $10 billion! Jail Overcrowding Factors contributing to overcrowding in US jails – – – – – Inability to post bail Court delays Limitations to pre-trial release Overcrowded court system Confinement of non-violent offenders Possible remedies? – – Regional jails Privatization