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Lee Wade, M.P.A.
Kaplan University
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Kaplan Logistics
Recap of Unit 2 and Crime Picture
Police Organization/Strategies
Graded items:
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Discussion Board
Quiz
Seminar
Matching Project – next slide
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Matching Project – key terms
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Probation
Parole
Booking
Warrant
Grand Jury
Indictment
Bail
Parole Revocation
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UCR
NIBRS
NCVS
What do you all think? (Poll)
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The purposes of policing in democratic
societies is to:
1. Enforce and support the laws
2. Investigate crimes/apprehend
offenders
3. Prevent crime
4. Ensure domestic peace and
tranquility
5. Provide the community with
enforcement–related services
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E
© 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
7
There are five core operational
strategies, each with unique features:
1. Preventive patrol
2. Routine incident response
3. Emergency response
4. Criminal investigation
5. Problem solving
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E
© 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
8
Most police organization is structured along
lines of authority.
Line Operations
Staff Operations
Field activities or
Include support
supervisory
roles, such as
activities directly
administration
related to day-today police work
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
TODAY, 10E
© 2009
Pearson Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
Saddle River, NJ 07458
9
The organizational chart of any police
agency shows a hierarchical chain of
command.
 Represents order of authority
 Quasi-military structure
 Span of control—the number of
personnel or unites supervised by a
particular commander.
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Patrol Division is backbone of Department
 Basic Duties are: Protection & Service
1. Crime prevention - pro-active deterrence
2. Law Enforcement - reactive deterrence
3. Order Maintenance – security, codes, etc..
4. Social Services - community welfare

• Crime Detection and
Prevention
• Apprehension of
Criminals & Wanted
Suspects
• Data & Information
Collection
• Report Writing &
Documentation
• Public Assistance
• Peace Keeping and
Order Maintenance
• Conflict Resolution
• Traffic Control and
Enforcement
• Parking Enforcement
• Law Enforcement Reduce
Citizens’ Fear of Crime
• Detect and Enforce Code
and Safety Violations
• Rapid Responses to
Emergencies
• Public Relations
• Police Visibility
• Property Protection
Preventive Enforcement – prevention of crime through
the noticeable presence of officers
By merely being seen, officers deter crime
If not deter, it will change the location of crime
# of Serious Crimes (UCR) and Non-Serious
Number of Calls for Service
Population Density
“Hot Spots”
Selective Enforcement- being seen in areas in which
there is trouble or where trouble is likely
Used for both traffic and criminal problems
Based on officer’s experience and statistics
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Locations
Time of Day
Potential Hazards
Trends
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Routine Patrol
Directed Patrol
Saturation Patrol
Split Force
Suspect-Oriented Patrol
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Directed Patrol is a police-management strategy
designed to increase the productivity of patrol
officers through the scientific analysis and
evaluation of patrol techniques.
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Have any of you ever been in contact with an
officer assigned to a specialized-directed patrol?
DUI Task Force (my job)?
Interstate Drug Enforcement?
Drug Unit – Local Community?
VICE?
Gang-Interdiction?
15 patrol beats were divided into 3 groups of 5
each
1st group: No routine patrol, only answered calls
2nd group: Normal routine patrols and calls
3rd group: 2 to 3 times the amount of police in
routine patrols and answering calls.
* After a year, they collected data on arrests,
crime, victims’ perceptions, attitudes of business
owners
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Citizens did not notice the difference in the
frequency of the patrol change.
Level of the fear of crime remained the same
There was no difference in the amount of crime
that occurred across all 3 groups.
The satisfaction with police did not change at all.
History helps shape policing styles,
how agencies see their purpose, and
choose to fulfill it.
There are three basic policing styles:
1. Watchman
2. Legalistic
3. Service
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E
© 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
24
The watchman style of policing are
typically in lower- or lower-middle class
areas that have a lot of crime.
This style is marked by:
 Order maintenance
 Controlling illegal and disruptive behavior
 Considerable use of discretion
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E
© 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
25
Legalistic style police departments are
committed to enforcing the letter of the law
and take a “laissez faire” stance on behaviors
that are simply bothersome.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E
© 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
26
Service style police departments strive to
meet community needs. They are:
 Concerned with helping rather than strictly
enforcing the laws.
 More likely to supplement law enforcement
activities with community resources.
 Popular today.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E
© 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
27
The Police-Community Relations (PCR)
movement began in the 1960s and 1970s. This
movement recognizes the need for the police
and the community to work together.
Consistent with this movement are:
Store-front auxiliary police offices
Neighborhood watch
Drug awareness programs
Project ID
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E
© 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
28
Team policing is an extension of the PCR
movement.
With team policing, conventional patrol
strategies are reorganized and police
teams are assigned to fixed districts.
 Police become more familiar with the
people of their districts and their
problems and concerns.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E
© 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
29
Consistent with service policing,
community policing emphasizes the idea
that police must partner with the
community to help fulfill the community
needs.
Police actively work with citizens and with
social services to help solve problems.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E
© 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
30
Community policing involves at least one
of four elements:
1. Community-based crime prevention
2. Reorientation of patrol activities to
emphasize nonemergency services
3. Increased police accountability to the public
4. A decentralization of command, including
greater use of civilians at all levels of police
decision making
CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E
© 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc
by Dr. Frank Schmalleger
Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper
31