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Week 9 • Describe the acid and base hydrolysis of polyesters and polyamides. • Outline the role of chemists in the development of degradable polymers. • Explain that condensation polymers may be photodegradable and may be hydrolysed. © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 Acid and base hydrolysis of the polyester Terylene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 Acid and base hydrolysis of the polyamide nylon-6,6 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 • Identify the functional groups in an aliphatic molecule containing several functional groups. • Predict properties and reactions of aliphatic molecules containing several functional groups. • Devise multi-stage synthetic routes for preparing aliphatic organic compounds. © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 Summary of the reactions of aliphatic functional groups © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 Synthesis of 3-aminopropan-1-ol from 3 chloropropanal © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 Converting the aldehyde group to an alcohol functional group © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 Conversion of the halogenoalkane to the amine © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 Some important aromatic reactions © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 Structures of benzene and 3-chloronitrobenzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 Converting benzene into nitrobenzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Week 9 Chlorination of an aromatic ring © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Chirality in Pharmaceutical Synthesis • Explain that the synthesis of pharmaceuticals often requires the production of a single optical isomer. • Explain that synthetic molecules often contain a mixture of optical isomers, whereas natural molecules often have only one optical isomer. • Explain that the synthesis of a pharmaceutical that is a single optical isomer increases costs, reduces side effects and improves pharmacological activity. • Describe strategies for the synthesis of a pharmaceutical with a single optical isomer. Stereoisomers of thalidomide Pharmacological activity depends on whether or not a drug can interact with a receptor site in a biological system. Structure of ibuprofen, used in many medicines to relieve pain