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The Prostate Cancer Institute: National University of Galway Ireland Sharon Glynn, PhD, MPH Prostate Cancer Institute Director of Laboratory Research National University of Ireland, Galway Republic of Ireland [email protected] Background to PCI in NUI Galway • Established in September 2010 with funding from the NUI Galway Foundation. • Goals: 1. Developmental therapeutics programme for prostate cancer. 2. Prostate cancer cohort study in the west of Ireland to examine the key factors that effect prostate cancer patient outcomes Modern Methods of Drug Discovery Begin with prostate tumours Manipulate it to get the best version Identify key proteins and genes that drive the tumour Choose “best lead molecule” Design a drug to target the lead molecule Test in the Lab Clinical Trials Modern Methods of Drug Discovery Effect of EL102 (nM) on PC3 Cell Motility 9 8 Cell Index 7 0 6 10 5 50 4 100 0 3 10 2 50 1 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Time (Hours) Just to show you the difference in motility between the 2 cell lines (DU145 or on top, PC3 are on bottom). 45 50 Molecular Epidemiology Case Control Study Design Case Control Study Cases n=500* Controls n=500 • Population-based controls are matched to cases by • Age (frequency) • Residency • Blood, urine, & normal, BPH, fresh-frozen tumor specimens • Q&A – Family history, smoking status alcohol, occupation, exercise etc * by 2014 Molecular Epidemiology Case Control Study Design Blood & Tissue Case Control study Survey data Infections SNPs Gene signatures Environmental, Lifestyle and Inherited Risk Factors Initiation Progression Survival Areas of Interest: Prostate cancer progression: Development of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer A. Mechanisms for the development of hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). Look at it at the population level. B. Predictors/Biomarkers of HRPC. Are tumors that subsequently develop into HRPC biologically different at diagnosis? C. Do certain treatments increase the risk? D. Do lifestyle factors influence the risk ? e.g. smoking status (Ambs et al, in preparation) Tumor Subtypes Have Different Outcomes ER-negative Poor Outcome Nature Cancer Reviews 2007, 7, 659-672 NOS2 EXPRESSION PREDICTS POOR SURVIVAL IN ERα-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER % Survival – ER negative 100 100 % Survival – ER positive Low NOS2 75 75 Low NOS2 P=0.95 p=0.001 High NOS2 0 0 25 25 High NOS2 50 50 p=0.001 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Analysis Time (Years) 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Analysis Time (Years) 9 10 Cancer Research and Cancer Prevention Sharon Glynn, PhD MPH [email protected] General Tips for Cancer Prevention • Don’t use tobacco • Eat a health diet • Maintain healthy weight • Get some exercise • Protect yourself from the sun • Get immunized (Hep B & HPV vaccines) • Make use of early detection/screening programmes Prostate Cancer – Know the Risk Factors • Increasing Age • Family history of Prostate Cancer • Obesity • Race • Where you live Prostate Cancer – Howdiet to full Lower Risk • Choose a healthy of fruitsYour and vegetables • Limit saturated fat, increase fish intake • Choose healthy foods over supplements. • Exercise most days of the week • Maintain a healthy weight • Talk to your doctor if you think you have an increased risk of prostate cancer Prostate Cancer – Reliable information sources Prostate Cancer Foundation www.pcf.org Mayo Clinic http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/prostatecancer/DS00043 National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/prostate Breast Cancer – • Being Female Know the Risk Factors • Increasing Age • Personal and family history of Breast Cancer • Inherited genes (BRCA1) • Obesity • Beginning your period before 12 & beginning menopause after 55 • First child at an older age • HRT • Excess alcohol Breast Cancer – Methods • Drink Alcohol inPrevention moderation • Exercise most days of the week • Limit postmenopausal hormone therapy • Maintain a healthy weight • Breast check – get your mammogram Breast Cancer – Reliable information sources Susan G Komen for the Cure www.komen.org Mayo Clinic http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/breastcancer/DS00328 National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breast ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • NUI Galway Foundation • Prostate Cancer Institute • Frank Sullivan, Frank Giles, Eamonn Rogers, Richard Flavin, Jim Sweeney • NUI Galway • Cathal Seoighe, Ruth Curtis, Enda McConnell • Radiation Biology Branch, NCI • David Wink, Chris Switzer • Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, NCI • Stefan Ambs, Tiffany Dorsey, Tiffany Wallace, Scott Hudson • Queens University Belfast • Liam Murray, Lesley Anderson • Dublin City University • Robert O’Connor, Martin Clynes • Aarhus University Hospital • Deirdre Cronin-Fenton • University College Cork • Gerald O’Sullivan, Florence McCarthy