Download Chapter 13 Violence And Abuse In Relationships

Chapter 13
Violence And Abuse In Relationships
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Definitions of Violence, Abuse and Neglect
Abuse In Dating/Marriage Relationships
Violence In Relationships
Effects Of Abuse
Cycle of Abuse
Child Abuse
Parent, Sibling and Elder Abuse
Examples of Physical Abuse
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Pushing, grabbing or shoving.
Throwing something at partner.
Slapping, hitting
Forcing sex on partner.
Examples of Emotional Abuse
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Threatening to leave partner.
Controlling whom the partner associates with.
Cutting off partner from family.
Controlling the money to ensure dependence.
Refusing to talk to partner.
Accusing partner of infidelity.
Abuse In Dating Relationships
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30% of individuals report abuse in dating.
Abuse occurs in heterosexual and homosexual
relationships
Many abused spouses report their partner
never mistreated them during dating and
courtship.
Forms of Violence Against Women
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Common couple violence: Response to
conflicts of everyday life, motivated by a need
to control in the specific situation.
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Patriarchal terrorism: Man feels he must
control woman completely because he thinks
he owns her.
Violence in Relationships
Cultural Explanations
 American society imbued with violence.
 Corporal punishment increases violence in
child’s life as an adult.
 Traditional gender roles teach men to be
aggressive and women to be submissive.
Violence in Relationships
Community Factors
 Social isolation
 Poverty
 Inaccessible community services
Violence in Relationships
Individual And Family Factors
 Psychopathology: low tolerance for frustration,
need to control
 Alcohol/drug abuse
 Abusive parents
Characteristics of Abusive Partners
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Extremely dependent on their partner.
Jealous, possessive and suspicious.
Have excessive need to control.
Unhappy and dissatisfied with their life.
Aggressive with poor impulse control.
Characteristics of Abusive Partners
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Move quickly into an intimate, committed
relationship.
Blame others for problems.
Cut partner off from family and friends.
Alcohol/drug abuse
Effects Of Partner Abuse
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35 % of women who seek emergency room
services are suffering from battering injuries.
Psychological effects include feelings of
helplessness, humiliation, anxiety and suicide
attempts.
March of Dimes estimates that most birth
defects are due to physical abuse.
Cycle of Abuse
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Perpetrator abuses partner.
Asks for forgiveness.
Acts civil until trust of partner is regained.
Abuses partner again.
Why people remain in abusive
relationships
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Love
Emotional dependency: rather stay in abusive
relationship than be alone.
Commitment to relationship: “till death do us
part” implies acceptance of abuse.
Hope that partner will change.
Why people remain in abusive
relationships
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Feel that abuse is legitimate part of intimate
relationship.
Would feel guilty for breaking up family.
Fear of what partner will do to them if they
leave.
Economic dependence
Isolation
Process of Leaving an Abusive
Relationship
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Seed of doubt - Question whether they
deserve such treatment.
Turning point - Event that has an impact on
the motivation to leave the relationship.
Objective reflection - Abused partner views
the relationship from a detached point of view.
Process of Leaving an Abusive
Relationship
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Cognitive shift - Shift from focus on staying in
relationship to getting out of it.
Leaving and moving on - Very painful to
disengage, call police/friend, pack clothes,
move out, leave town.
Factors Associated with Child
Abuse and Neglect
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Pregnancy is premarital or unplanned and one
of the parents does not want the child.
Mother-infant attachment is lacking.
Child suffers from developmental disabilities or
mental retardation.
Factors Associated with Child
Abuse and Neglect
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Childrearing techniques are strict and harsh
and include little positive reinforcement.
Parents are unemployed.
Abuse between husband and wife.
Children are adopted or foster children.
Effects of Child Abuse on Victims
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Social relationships more tenuous, less likely to
trust.
Aggressiveness - If child was hit, they are
likely to model behavior.
Communication problems and learning
disabilities.
Effects of Child Abuse on Victims
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Physical injuries: disfigurement, scarring,
death.
Increased risk of alcohol abuse to dull the pain.
Post traumatic stress disorder
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
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Women report having sex earlier in their teens
and are more likely to bear a child before 19.
Lower self esteem, higher levels of depression
and antisocial behavior among females.
Most devastating when abuse is prolonged,
involves intercourse and is perpetrated by
father or step father.
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
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Males tend to develop negative self-concept,
sleep disorders, and sexual dysfunctions.
Post traumatic stress disorder and heavy
alcohol use is common.
Lower marital satisfaction.
Daughters of mothers who were abused are
3.6 times more likely to be sexually victimized.
Forms of Elder Abuse
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Neglect
Physical abuse
Psychological abuse
Social abuse
Legal abuse