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Sumer’s first king and the subject of one of the first pieces of literature ever known. Gilgamesh
This ancient wonder of the world was said to exist during the Neo-Babylonian Hanging Gardens
His code of laws was based on the principle of “an eye for an eye.” Hammurabi
This invention helped advance transportation, trade, and machinery, specifically pottery. wheel
This invention used the wheel and contributed to a stable food supply . Plow
This combination of copper and tin led to stronger weapons. bronze
This city-state was known to be fierce warriors. Assyrians
Leader of the Akkadians who united Mesopotamia’s city states into the first empire. Sargon
Numbers and cuneiform were likely created to keep records of ____TRADE________.
This was Mesopotamia’s form of writing. CUNEIFORM
Gods were thought to live in these places of worship. ZIGGURAT
Mesopotamia is located in this modern day country. IRAQ
Mesopotamia is located between these two rivers TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES
Mesopotamia was organized into these sections; Uruk, Ur, Babylon are examples CITY-STATES
This type of art refers to raised, detailed carvings of scenes from Mesopotamian life. BAS RELEIF
Name the 4 empires from earliest to latest. AKKADIAN, BABYLONIAN, ASSYRIAN, NEO-BABYLONIAN
Mesopotamia’s number system was based on the value ___60_______. We maintain this today in
the way that we track hours.
This invention greatly helped make farming more efficient. IRRIGATION, PLOW
Mesopotamians were _____POLYTHEISTIC_____________, meaning they worshipped many gods.
The Mesopotamians invented this instrument. LYRE
The flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates can be described as ___UNPREDICTABLE______________.
Assyrians would surround a city or lay ___SIEGE______________ to it until they defeat it.
This empire was led by Sargon. AKKADIAN
This horse drawn “wagon” led many Assyrians into battle. CHARIOT
The Mesopotamians invented a ___CALENDAR__to keep track of planting, harvesting, and holidays.
Under Hammurabi’s code, a defendant could not speak on his own behalf but could call
_____WITNESSES_________________ who could testify for him.
The Sumerians moved from the Zagros mountains to the foothills for more food. What caused the
food shortage? POPULATION GROWTH
Mesopotamia , like Egypt, is located on which region of the world? MIDDLE EAST
Name three topics that Hammurabi’s code covered. MARRIAGE, BUSINESS, PROPERTY
This Wildman was Gilgamesh’s best friend. ENKIDU
Gilgamesh learned that while no one was immortal, leaders could live together in their
_______GOOD DEEDS______ ______________________.
When there was a problem, Mesopotamia often created something new for the solution. This idea
is described well using the phrase that ____NECESSITY __________ is the mother of invention.
He was the leader of the Assyrians. ASHURBANIPAL
This term describes when Nebuchadnezzar removed the ancient Hebrews from Canaan, which he
had captured, and brought them back to Mesopotamia’s capital city at the time. BABYLONIAN
CAPTIVITY
Name 2 ways Hammurabi encouraged trade. SYSTEM OF ROADS, POSTAL SERVICE
1) How did the Mesopotamians prove the saying “Necessity is the mother of invention?”
(We invent things to meet needs that we have) .Give at least two examples .
Irrigation—invented to control water supply
Wheel—invented to make transportation easier
City-walls—invented to protect city-states and overcome lack of geographic barriers
Cuneiform—language invented to record trade records
Battering ram—invented to have more force in war
Bronze—invented for stronger weapons
2) Think about the 4 Empires of Mesopotamia (consider the video and History Alive
chapter 6). All of them came to an end. Based on your reading, (specifically 6.3—last
paragraph, 6.6--1st paragraph, and 6.7 --last paragraph) what do you think their general
greatest weakness was? Explain your answer.
BEST ANSWER: Empires grew too big to be protected. Gaps in borders, etc. allowed easy
invasions
Other possibilities: Lack of predictable way to choose leader led to chaos and fighting when a
leader was dethroned.
3)
Explain two challenges or problems that Mesopotamia’s geography presented to the
city-states and empires in the area.
Unpredictable flooding and hot, dry climate made having a stable food supply a challenge
Lack of geographic barriers made invasion and conflict more likely.
4)
At the same time that these geographic challenges existed, it can be argued that the
geographic difficulties inspired success and invention. Explain how.

Unpredictable flooding and hot, dry climate led to the invention of an Irrigation
system, including aqueducts, canals, and levees

Mud brick city-walls, moats, and a variety of weapons were invented to protect
city-states and overcome lack of geographic barriers