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Chapter 4
Medication Preparations
and Supplies
Oral
Tablet
Disc
of compressed
drug; may be coated to
enhance easy
swallowing. May be
scored
Enteric-coated tablet
Tablet
with special
coating that resists
disintegration by gastric
juices
Timed-release (SustainedRelease)
Capsule
containing drug
particles that have
various coatings that
differ in the amount of
time required before
coatings dissolve
Lozenge
Tablet
containing
palatable flavoring,
indicated for a local
(often soothing) effect
on the throat or mouth
Suspension
Liquid
form of medication
that must be shaken well
before administration
because the drug particles
settle at the bottom of the
bottle
Emulsion
Liquid
drug preparation
that contains oils and
fats in water
Elixir, fluid extract
Liquid
drug forms with
alcohol base
Syrup
Sweetened,
flavored
liquid drug form
Solution
Liquid
drug form in which
the drug is totally evenly
dissolved
Rectal
Suppository
Drug
suspended in a
substance, such as
cocoa butter, that melts
at body temperature
Enema solutuion
Drug
suspended in
solution to be
administered as an
enema
Injectable
Solution
Drugs
suspended in a
sterile vehicle
Powder
Dry
particles of drugs to
be mixed with a sterile
diluting solution
Intravenous
Injected
directly into a
vein (immediate
absorption)
Intramuscular
Injected
into a muscle
positioning the needle at
a 90-degree angle
subcutaneous
Injected
into the fatty
layer of tissue below the
skin by positioning the
needle at a 45-degree
angle
intradermal
Injected
just beneath
the skin, by positioning
the needle bevel up and
the syringe at a 15degree angle
epidural
Injected
into a catheter
that has been placed by
an anesthesiologist in the
epidural space of the
spinal canal.
intracardiac
Injected
directly into the
heart
intraspinal
Injected
into the
subarachnoid space
which contains
cerebrospinal fluid that
surrounds the spinal cord.
Intracapsular (intra-articular)
Injected
into the capsule
of a joint, usually to
reduce inflammation as
in bursitis
Topical
Cream or ointment
Semisolid
preparation
containing a drug
lotion
A
liquid preparation
applied externally for
treatment of skin
disorders
liniment
Preparation
for external
use that is rubbed on the
skin as a counterirritant
Dermal patch
Skin
patch containing drug
molecules that can be
absorbed through the skin
at varying rates to promote
a consistent blood level
between application times
Eye, ear, and nose drops (gtt)
Drugs
in sterile liquids to
be applied by drops
Eye ointment
Sterile
semisolid
preparation, often
antibiotic in nature, for
ophthalmic use only
Vaginal Creams
Medicated
creams,
often of antibiotic or
antifungal nature that
are inserted vaginally
with the use of a special
applicator
Rectal and Vaginal
Suppositories
Drug
suspended in a
substance, such as
cocoa butter, that melts
at body temperature, for
local effect
Douche solution
Sterile
solution, often as
an antiseptic such as
povidone iodine solution
and sterile water, used to
irrigate the vaginal
canal.
Buccal tablet
Tablet
that is absorbed
via the buccal mucosa
in the mouth
Sublingual tablet
Tablet
that is absorbed
via the mucosa under
the tongue
Inhalable
Spray or Mist
Liquid
drug forms that
may be inhaled as fine
droplets via the use of
spray bottles, nebulizers,
or metered dose inhalers.
Gas
Anesthetics,
such as
nitrous oxide, that are
introduced via the
respiratory route for
general anesthesia