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Hungary in the heart of Europe
Hungary in the heart of Europe
Surface
93 036 km2
Inhabitants
10 051 000
Capital
Budapest
Other important cities
Regions
Micro - regions
Currency
Debrecen, Miskolc, Pécs,
Szeged, Győr
7
19
Hungarian Forint (HUF)
1 Eur = 260 HUF
Hungary and bordering countries
GDP by economic sectors
4%
Agriculture
21%
5%
70%
Industry
Construction
Services
Major exports
1,9%
5,5% 2,5%
Machinery & Equipment
Other manufactures
27,6%
Food, beverages & tobacco
62,4%
Raw materials
Others
Employment by Main Activities
4,8%
Agriculture
32,3%
62,8%
Industry
Services
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Gross domestic product (%)
3.8
3.5
3.4
4.6
4.4
3.9
3.0
Industrial production (%)
3.6
2.8
6.4
7.4
7.0
10.3
8.2
Exports (% - volume)
7.7
5.9
9.1
18.4
11.5
16.7
15.7**
Imports (% - volume)
4.0
5.1
10.1
15.2
6.1
12.6
11.9**
Trade balance (bn EUR)
-2.5
-3.4
-4.2
-3.9
-2.9
-2.4
0.4**
Inflation (%)
9.2
5.3
4.7
6.8
3.6
3.9
8.0
Current account (bn EUR)
-2.0
-5.0
-6.4
-7.1
-6.5
-5.8
-2.9
FDI (bn EUR)
4.4
3.2
1.9
3.7
5.6
6.1
1.8*
Unemployment rate
5.7
5.9
5.8
6.1
7.2
7.5
7.7
Employment in Hungary
Number of employed : 3 909 000
Unemployed : 328 000
Age
Activity
15 - 74
54,9%
15 - 64
61,9%
15 - 60/61
64,9%
Unemployment rate : 7,7 %
Average salary : 730 € (pre tax)
580 € net for employees and 340 € for skilled workers
Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office
Forecast 2008
Economy
GDP
Output
Employment and wages
Inflation
Sustainable macroeconomic
growth, EU-member since 2004
GDP growth of 3.2% is expected
this year with a 5% improvement of
the business sector’s performance
Industrial production growth is
estimated to keep its pace at
around 8%
Export growth of 13% is forecast
Unemployment rate is expected at
7.4%
Average wage: € 712
Average inflation rate will be around
5%
•Austerity measures in 2006 aimed at reducing the
budget deficit.
•Endeavours to adopt the Euro to curb the inflation.
•In medium term Hungary is expected to meet the
Maastricht criteria.
2008
2009
2010
2011
GDP growth
2.8%
4.2%
4.3%
4.5%
Real wage
growth
0
1.5%
1.5-3.0%
1.5-3.0%
Budget balance
as % of the
GDP
-4.1%
-3.2%
-2.7%
-2.2%
Inflation
4.5%
3.0%
2.8%
2.5-3%
Hungarian Foreign Trade, 2006
Hungarian Exports:
EUR 58.9 billion
16%
5%
2%
14%
64%
13%
EU-15
Hungarian Imports:
EUR 61.3 billion
New EU-10
Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office
16%
11%
Other European countries
2%
57%
Asia
Other countries
Hungarian Foreign Trade, 2006
Hungarian Exports:
EUR 58.9 billion
61%
6%
2%
Hungarian Imports:
EUR 61.3 billion
3%
51%
4% 2%
28%
33%
Food, drinks and tobacco
Raw materials
Energy resources
Manufactured products
Machinery
Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office
10%
Structure of the Corporate Sector in Hungary
in %
0,3
100%
90%
35
80%
50,2
70%
40,1
73,4
60%
50%
99,7
40%
65
30%
49,8
20%
Large corporations
SMEs
59,9
.
26,6
10%
0%
Distribution
of
enterprises
by size
Share in
Contribution
total
to GDP
employment
Source: Ministry of Economy and Transport
Share in
total net
sales
Contribution
to total
export sales
Cumulated FDI* in Hungary
in million euros
66,823
65 000
60 000
55 000
50 000
45 000
40 000
35 000
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Q32007
Source: National Bank of Hungary, Ministry of Economy and Transport
* Including reinvested earnings from 1995
Economic Freedom Ratings
Country with ranking
Number of countries assessed: 123
Hong Kong
1
Hungary
22
Slovak Rep.
32
Czech Rep.
52
Poland
56
0
Source: Fraser Institute
2
4
6
8
10
High Performing Sectors






Automotive industry
Electronics
ICT
Life sciences
Renewable Energy
Logistics
TOP 200 Hungarian companies (by revenue) by sector
Wholesale and retail trade
Energy supply and trade
Trasnportation
manufacturing
Food and tobacco
Trade (42)
Services
Energy
(34)
Electronics
Construction
Pharmaceuticals
Transportation
manuf.(22)
Telecommunications
Transportation
Electronics
(14)
Food (20)
Services
(18)
Chemicals
Metals
Textile
Forrás: HVG, 2007 január
GDP production by sector (2006)
Services give 56% of the GDP
Major branches in
manufacturing:
Electronics (24%)
Food (13%)
Transportation
equipment (11%)
Chemicals (10%)
In services:
Financial services (34%)
Public (28%)
Trade and tourism (19%)
Forrás: KSH
Other
Services 56%
14%
Agriculture 4%
Construction
4%
Industry
22%
Venture capital
Priority sector of the Hungarian Venture Capital Association
include:
Telecom, media, financial service, pharmaceuticals,
biotechnology, logistics, environment, nanotechnology
The interest of the
venture capital has grown
in the knowledge
intensive sectors.
Investment
volumes/project have
declined to the € 1-1.5
million range.
High Performing Sectors
Automotive
Production Value
EUR 10.6 billion
18.6% of total industrial production and 13.4% of total
exports
Total number of companies: 634
Number of companies with quality certificates: ~ 250
Advanced automotive systems in place: ~ 110
companies
Total number of employees: ~ 97,000 people
Export ratio: - car manufacturers 94%
- engine and component manufacturers: 88%
Most important export market: European Union
Passenger cars:
Commercial vehicles & buses:
Motorcycles:
Sales in 2006:
187,842 pcs
28,154 pcs
~15,000 pcs
High Performing Sectors
Machinery
Production Value:
Total number of companies:
Total number of employees:
Export ratio:
Most important export market:
Total FDI stock:
Interest of foreign investors has been
sustained. Latest invetments include: Atlas
Copco (S), Sematic (I), Widenemann (G),
AKE (G),
€ 36 billion
18 500
250 000
67%
EU-27
€ 10 billion
High Performing Sectors
Electronics
Hungary is the largest electronics
producer and exporter in the CEE region by providing 40% of the regional output
and nearly 50% of the exports.
Production Value: USD 19 billion
29% of total manufacturing production
29.4% of total exports
Total number of companies: 9,000
Total number of employees: 135,000
Export ratio: 87%
High Performing Sectors
Electronics
ICT
Hungary has the second highest share of ICT goods in the country’s export in the OECD
Hungary has the highest per capita ICT expenditure in the CEE region
The Hungarian ICT market grew with 50% between 2002-2007
Highly skilled, cost efficient labour pool, growing number of IT graduates
Strong cooperation between business and academia in R&D, like Nokia, Ericsson, IBM,
CISCO, SAP, Oracle, SUN
Well trained, creative and flexible
human capital
Number of institutions in higher education:
71
Number of students in higher education:
416.4 thousand
Majoring in:
Business and Administration: 105 th
Informatics: 17.7 th
Number of graduates in 2007: 57.7 th
Budapest
161,300
Miskolc
13,600
Veszprém
10,600
Pécs
33,100
Pécs
Szeged
30,00
90% of students speak English
2nd most popular foreign language: German
Followed by: French, Italian, Spanish
All diploma with foreign language certificate
and computer skills!
Debrecen
25,200
Training in Hungarian enterprises
Professional trainings appeared after 1989 as a request
by international and multinational companies
Diffusion of trainings
development of economy
by 2004 similar to the
Open trainings are much less diffused than company
trainings
Average time : 4-5 / person / year
Training in Hungarian enterprises
Most of the trainings for :
• middle managers
• sales and customer service
• top managers
• low level managers and employees
Training in Hungarian enterprises
Interactive training solutions (distant training and e-learning) are
slowly diffusing
E-learning has gained territory in public institutions and among
big companies : telecommunication and information technology
Effective :
high number of participants
regular trainings
short units
Multinational companies use existing e-learning curricula in
English without adapting it to local circumstances and are still
trying to select the suitable solutions
Training in Hungarian enterprises
According to experts e-learning is used mainly in the following
fields :
• new employees
• management trainings
• sales
• labour safety and fire prevention
• language
•IT
Training in Hungarian enterprises
SMEs are still not open (lack of funds and interest)
On the training market traditional methods are prevailing (offline)
Lack of expertise
In Hungary self-education does not have tardition
Human factor is very important
Training in Hungarian enterprises
Increasing effectiveness by mixing electronic curricula with
traditional training methods
Hungarian companies do not possess necessary expertise to
introduce blended learning systems
Some examples (IQ Consulting) :
British-American Tobacco Hungary :
Actions against smoking, restrictions in advertising
change management
Training for a high number of employees to support change in
mentality / attitude in a fast, practical and cost-effective way
Training in Hungarian enterprises
me-Learning : Change Management course to integrate existing
training
Simulation + 2 workshops
Positive feedback, positive results
Hungarian Post
One of the largest employers in Central Europe
Liberalization of the market
changes in
organization and culture
Training for 1000 medium managers
me-Learning : Change Management course
Electronic simulation + opening and closing workshops
Founded in 2002
Supporting SMEs to increase competitiveness in
Europe
Activities :
• Consulting to SMEs on European funds, project
planning and project management
• Organization of trainings, conferences
• Realization of projects on innovation for SMEs
• Market research
Projects 2005 – 2007 :
EQUAL : reintegration of women with small children in
the labour market
http://www.eselybolcsodeje.org
Leonardo Program – ISI :
Innovation through Services
in Industry
ESF Art. 6 – SAM :
Senior Age Management
Leonardo Program - E-district CIPRO : European
Distant Training Interactive and Collaborative Tools
for Civil Protection
Projects 2008 – 2009 :
EQUAL : Dissemination and mainstreaming of
results
Asia Invest : supporting business relations between
Asian and European enterprises in the food
processing sector
Projects 2008 – 2009 :
Leonardo Innovation Transfer Projects
Leonardo SILVER : toolbox for age management
Leonardo METAL : development of the European
Qualification Framework
Leonardo BELT : Blended learning transfer
Kopernikusz Association
1056 Budapest, Váci u. 81.
Tel : +36 1 4113356 or 4113357
Fax : +36 1 2695625
E-mail : [email protected]
[email protected]
Web : www.kopernikusz.hu