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CHAPTER 3
FORCES THAT INFLUENCE
SOCIAL CHANGE
CHAPTER 3 - KEY TERMS
Anomie
 Alienation
 Income Inequality
 Systematic Discrimination
 Relative Income Inequality
 Absolute Income Inequality
 Low-Income Cut-Off Line (LICO)
 Low-Income Measure
 Market Basket Measure (MBM)
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Key Terms Cont…
Term
Definition
Anomie
Condition where a group is without any roots or norms as
they struggle daily to survive
Alienation
The state of being (or feeling) alone, separate, different
Income Inequality
Gap between what the rich and poor earn
Systemic Discrimination When a system exists that favours one or some groups
over others in terms of hiring, benefits, promotion and
pay increases
Relative Income
Inequality
Comparing percentage of total income in each 1/5th of the
population enjoy
Absolute Income
Inequality
Amount of money earned by different groups
Key Terms Cont…
Measures of Poverty
Term
Definition
Low Income Cut Off
Line (LICO)
Crude measurement tool (if 64% or more of total income
is spent on food, shelter and clothing then one is below
the LICO/poverty line)
Low Income Measure
(LIM)
A relative measurement tool that categorizes individuals
(or households) whose adjusted family income is below
50% of the median income.
Market Basket Measure A relative measurement tool that defines low income in
(MBM)
relation to a specific basket of essential goods and
services, without which (or without access to which) an
individual or household is considered to be living in
poverty. The basket represents a standard of consumption
(food, clothing, shelter, transport, and other
expenditures). The strength of this approach is that it
takes into account the local conditions in costing the
basket.
POVERTY
What does poverty look like in our society?
 What groups in our society are at risk of being
poor?
 What does poverty look like in other societies
around the world?
 How does our society define poverty?
 Why are people still poor in societies where the
economy is booming and prosperous? Start your
sentence with “people are poor because…”
 What are some possible solutions for eliminating
poverty in our society?
Around the world?
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What would you put in your
basket?
POVERTY IS…
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Hunger
Lack of shelter
Lack of clothing
Being sick and not being able to get help
Not being able to go to school
Not having a job
Living one day at a time
Losing a child to illness due to unclean water
Powerlessness
Etc…
RELATIVE POVERTY
Compares a person’s total income and
spending patterns with those of the
general population
Is often measured using the LICO:
-If 64% or more of take home income
is spent on basic necessities (food,
shelter, clothing) one is defined as
poor in Canadian society
MUSICAL CHAIRS WEALTH DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY
Poverty in Canada
News Report-3 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqUGVTXY_5U
Elaine’s Story-3 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5_wjpCGto0
Poor No More: Documentary 2010-50 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ1ypJ2erpw
ABSOLUTE POVERTY
Absolute poverty is measured by comparing a
person’s total income against the total cost of
purchasing a specific ‘basket’ of goods and
services representing the essentials of daily life.
People with inadequate income to purchase this
basket of items are considered to be living in
absolute poverty
Also depends on access to social services
Poverty Around The World
Global Statistics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwIEZDMDBo4
Personal Stories of Poverty Gobally-3 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohwRAUnDGt0
End Poverty Campaign 2012-12 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrW8ier__4Q
BBC: Debate on Poverty 2012-45 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNIEb3injpc
PRIVILEGE AND OPPORTUNITY
What does privilege mean?
 What does privilege look like in our society?
 What impact does privilege have on an
individual moving through their life?
 What does the slogan ‘Check your privilege’
mean?
 What does the term ‘invisible knapsack’
mean?
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NATIONAL ANTI-POVERTY
ORGANIZATION (2003)
Deep and persistent poverty continues in
Canada
 Rate and depth of poverty has depened
for many groups
 Young families are more likely to be poor
 Vulnerability of children and lone-parent
families is a concern
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OTHER FACTS RELATED TO POVERTY
The cost of poverty to Canada has been
estimated at 72-86 billion/year 5-6% of GDP
(Ontario Association of Food Banks)
 In March 2010, 867 948 Canadians (38%
children) used food banks for food support (28%
increase since 2008)
 865,000 Canadian children under the age of 18
lived in poverty in 2004-one of every 8 children.
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Class Activity: Calculate expenses for a female
lone-parent family