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Innovation policy in Hungary in the light of Europa 2020 László SZILÁGYI Department for Innovation and R&D FIDIBE Final Conference 1 December 2011, Székesfehérvár Hungary: low R&D expenditure The GERD was HUF 310 billion Ft in 2010, which is 1.14% of the GDP – – Lisbon target: 3 % of GDP EU average: 2.01% of GDP (2009) Gross Domestic R&D Expenditure as percent of GDP 1.40 1.20 1.15 1.14 1.08 1.01 1.00 1.00 0,94 0.93 0.95 0.95 1.00 0.97 1.00 0.89 0.82 0.80 0.75 0.74 0.67 0.70 0.68 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 Source: Hungarian Statistical Office 2 The distribution of R&D expenditures by financial sources 100% 90% 80% External resources Other National 70% State Budget 60% Enterprises 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1995 2000 Source: Hungarian Statistical Office 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 3 Ministry for National Economy Knowledge-based investments as a percentage of GDP Source: Intereconomics 2010 4 The Hungarian situation: lag in human resources, business R&D and IPR protection EU-27 HU/EU-27 EU-27 HU/EU-27 Employment in mediumhigh & high-tech manufacturing EPO patents per million population 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 Venture capital/GDP IT expenditures 0,8 0,6 0,4 Employment in knowledge-intensive services 0,2 0 Life-long learning Business R&D/GDP Public R&D/GDP Population with 3rd education S&E and SSH graduates innovation expenditures Source: European Innovation Scoreboard 2009 5 Significant regional disparities of R&D activity 6 Share of foreign affiliates in GDP (2000, 2008) Financial intermediation excluded completely or in part for all countries except Austria, the Czech Republic and the United States. Community, social and personal services excluded for Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Spain. 7 Source: OECD Ministry for National Economy R&D units of multinational companies in Hungary 8 Number of researchers (FTE) in the business enterprise sector Chemical industry (beyond pharma) Machinery products and equipment nec Radio, TV and telecommunication equipment Medical and precision instruments Computer services Architecture, engineering and other technical serv. Other business services nec 9 Source: NGM-IKF based on OECD data RDI policy context – double challenge • Short-term adaptation to the crisis in the policy field vs. the need to define a long-term RDI perspective • The global financial/debt crisis forced the Hungarian government to take steps, which influence RDI policy as well • National RDI strategic priorities should be presented in 2011 / 2012, requred by – EU2020 NRP: GERD / GDP target is set to 1,8% by 2020 – S3 is required by the so-called ex ante conditionality criteria proposed by the Commission for the next period Cohesion policy (Structural Funds) 10 The Horizon 2020 package The Horizon 2020 package was published on 30 November (http://ec.europa.eu/research/horizon2020/) – to help Hungarian participation is a key task • Proposal for Horizon 2020 / the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020): general objectives, European value added, financial framework, controling/monitoring/evaluation principles; • Proposal for the Specific Programme implementing Horizon 2020: rules for execution and some more specific scientific content; • Proposal for a single set of Rules for Participation and Dissemination in Horizon 2020; • Separate proposal for the part of Horizon 2020 corresponding to the Euratom Treaty 11 The proposed structure of Horizon 2020 12 Hungary has a low participation rate in FP7 (EUR) 13 Reasons for the low FP participation rate • Structural gap between old and new member states: 95% of the support went to the EU15 and only 5% to the EU12. Reasons include: – Few coordinators, lacking coordinating capacities and capabilities – Project size, difficulties to join consortia, excellence criteria, poor networking capacities, bureaucratic procedures… • EU12 countries try to harmonise their views now • A „national Horizon 2020 consultation” was launched on 29 November 2011 14 EU 2020 Strategy The Hungarian National Action Plan The first draft was submitted to the COM November 12,2010 Approving the final version will take place in April, 2011 (during the course of the Hungarian EU Presidency) Hungary intends to increase its R&D expenditure to 1.8% of GDP by 2020 while further increasing the share of the business sector in financing R&D activity. Measures of the NAP: • Renewal of the STI (R&D&I) strategy (in 2011); • Restructuring the governance system of the NIS; • Revised, single state aid system. Important evaluation documents: • OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Hungary, http://www.nih.gov.hu/english/oecd/oecd • Evaluation of the operation of the Innovation Fund in 2004-2009, http://www.nih.gov.hu/english/evaluations/comprehensive 15 Ministry for National Economy Renewal of the current STI strategy Main characteristics: a) Timescale between 2011-2020, b) Harmonising with the international trends, [Innovation Union, OECD Innovation Strategy], and the best practice of the EU Member States [Austria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, etc.], c) State-of the art innovation approach including the nontechnological innovation aspects as well, d) Strong focus on the market and exploitation-oriented R&D activities, the innovation performance of the companies. 16 Strategic necessities • Economic realities make the government focus RDI policy on business actors, which can stand in the global competition (and on public actors, who can directly serve them) • At the same time, long-term „maintenance” and „renewal” of the knowledge base should not be forgotten either (in cooperation with other ministries – education, development policy etc. - and other stakeholders) 17 A simple model of an RDI system Source: Guy, K and C. Nauwelaers (2003) 18 Vision „By 2020, with the help of an active RDI policy, key actors of the National Innovation System will be strengthened and become equal participants in global innovation processes, who in turn – as generators of spillover impacts – will be able to provide momentum for the whole NIS, thereby contributing to increasing competitiveness and rendering Hungary a sustainable knowledge economy” (working definition) 19 Governance of the NIS, 2011Education, Science and Research Committee Innovation and Development ad hoc Committee Parliament Government National Council for Research, Innovation and Science Policy Ministry for National Economy Ministry of National Development Ministry of National Resources Science coord., IP protection R&D, techn. innov. Single development policy Science policy, higher education Hungarian IP Office National Innovation Office National Development Agency Ministry of Public Administration and Justice Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hungarian Scientific Research Fund 20 A renewed RDI support system is coming Thank You for your kind attention! László Szilágyi Ministry for National Economy Department for Innovation and R&D [email protected] +36-1-374-2700/2152 22 Összefoglalás • A KFI aréna és a játszma globális, a folyamatok különböző innovációs rendszerekben zajlanak és dinamikusak • A KKV-k szempontjából lényeges egyes rásegítő keretfeltételek érvényesülése pl. a versenyfeltételek, az adminisztrációcsökkentés, a vállalkozóbarát üzleti környezet, a kiszámíthatóság stb. területén • A KFI stratégiát – az erőforrások tükrében – fókuszálni szükséges, és (mások mellett) az innovatív fiatal cégcsoport támogatása mindenképpen javasolt • Kiemelendő az együttműködő társpolitikák (elsősorban az oktatás-, és tudománypolitika, regionális fejlesztés) jelentősége – a korszerű innovációpolitika iránti elvárások egyben nagyfokú koordinációs elvárások is, az innováció jelentőségének elfogadása mellett. 23