Download 1 000 ha

WORK PACKAGE 3
Environmental resources management
PETRÁŠOVÁ, ČERNOTA, KOVALČÍK
NATIONAL FOREST CENTRE ZVOLEN
SLOVAKIA
Report structure
Part 1: Introduction
Part 2: General aspects of the forest
management
Part 3: Employment in the forest
management
Part 4: Other related sectors
Part 5: Conclusions
Scope and objectives of the forest
management
Sustainable forest management and
forest certification in Europe
Part 2: General aspects of the forest
management
Basic data on countries and areas
Country/
area
Italy
Slovakia
Spain
Greece
Land
area
(1 000
ha)
Population 2004b
Total
(1
000)
Density
(population
/km2)
Annual
growth
rate
(%)
GDP 2004b
Per
capita
(US$)
19 344
Annual
growth
rate
(%)
29
411
4 808
57
573
5 390
195,8
-0,1
Rural
(% of
total)
32,5
110,5
0,0
42,3
4 488
5,5
49
944
12
890
41
286
11
075
82,7
0,5
23,4
15 079
3,1
85,9
0,4
38,9
11 885
4,2
1,2
Extent of forest and other wooded land
Land area
Country
/area
Forest
1 000
ha
% of
land
area
Other wooded
land
(1 000 ha)
Italy
9 979
33,9
1 047
Slovakia
1 929
40,1
-
Spain
17 915
35,9
10 299
Greece
3 752
29,1
2 780
Other land
(1 000 ha)
With
Total
tree
cover
18
385
2 879
32
21
730
6 358
Inlan
d
water
(1
000
ha)
723
93
-
655
-
306
Total
area
(1
000
ha)
30
134
4 901
50
599
13
196
Functions and characteristics of forests
Designated functions of forest – primary function
Country
/area
Total
forest
area
(1 000
ha)
% of total whose primary function is designated as:
Production
Protection
Conservation
Social
services
Multiple
purpose
None or
unknown
Italy
9 979
-
-
29,9
-
-
70,1
Slovakia
1 929
9,5
17,8
5,0
12,6
55,1
0
Spain
17 915
9,4
13,1
37,3
0,1
40,2
0
Greece
3 752
92,1
-
4,2
-
-
3,7
Growing and biomass stock in forest
Forest
Country
/area
Area
(1 000 ha)
Growing stock
By area
(m3/ha)
Total
(million
m3)
Commerc
ial (%)
Other wooded
land
Area
Total
growing
(1 000
stock
(million
ha)
3
m)
Italy
9 979
145
1 447
70,1
1 047
97
Slovakia
1 929
256
494
84,7
-
-
Spain
17 915
50
888
77,6
10 299
1
Greece
3 752
47
177
88,1
2 780
0
On the analysis of basic data on countries we can point
out:
 the highest GDP per capita is in Italy and the lowest is
in Slovakia, but the highest annual growth rate of the
GDP is in Slovakia (5.5% in 2004)
 the highest forest coverage is in Slovakia (40.1%), the
lowest is in Greece (29.1%)
 the biggest changes in the extent of the forests are in
Spain (2% in 1990-2000 and 1.7% in 2000-2005)
 the most public owned forests are in Greece, in other
countries (Slovakia, Italy, Spain) is the share between 30
to 50%
 the highest share of forest plantation is in Spain
(about 8%)
 the highest growing stock in m3/ha is in Slovakia
256m3/ha in 2005 opposite to 145m3/ha in Italy,
50m3/ha in Spain and 47m3/ha in Greece
 average removals of wood products is about 1.3% of
the total growing stock (the highest in Spain – 2.0%
and the lowest in Italy – 0.7%.
The most important problems
of the forest resources
management in the partner
countries
Italy
loss of commercial value of some forest
productions influenced the profitability of the
forest management, above all in the alpine areas.
Remuneration of the environmental and social
services of the forest
Lack of the interest from the
administrators and lack of knowledge
local
Greece
The lack of economic and human
resources in the forest management
Absence of the well-organized and
modern secondary wood processing
industries in the region
Pasturage problems
Spain
health conditions of the forests (biotic
and abiotic factors)
Fires
Climate change phenomenon appearing
Slovakia
restitution of the ownership’s rights
reimbursement for
ownership’s rights
the
restriction
of
remuneration for services provided by
forests to the public
Employment in the forest management
Reported employment in forestry (excluding the
wood processing industry) declined by about 10
percent from 1990 to 2000. Most of the decline
occurred in the primary production of goods and
can probably be attributed to increases in labour
productivity.
Other related sectors
Diversification of the activities is very important
aspect of raising the employment and
opportunities to create new jobs. For these
reasons are described other related sectors to
forest management, such as nature and
landscape protection, wood processing industry,
rural development and game management.
Taking into account the intersectoral
links, the overall importance of forest
employment for rural livelihoods and
national economies was clearly higher
than this official number suggests.
Case studies– models of the best practise from
partner regions:
•„Ecopioppo“ – certification of the tree growing activity
•Aspromonte national park – local population
involvement in the fire prevention
•Employment increase trough afforestation and biological
fertilization activities
•Social policy of the enterprise
The most frequency added value in these case studies
is:
Creation of new conditions, tools and methods for
an effective management of the environment
An increasing of awareness of the natural
resources value
High awareness of the employees on company’s
care on natural environment
 Involvement of the resident population in the
management of the Protected Area
Creation of new conditions for development of the
other sectors – tourism, gardening, etc.