Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
14th Meeting of the Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development Milocer (Budva), 30 May – 1 June 2011 Moustapha Kamal Gueye United Nations Environment Programme UNEP Green Economy Report • Investing 2% of global GDP into ten key sectors for a transition towards a low-carbon, resource-efficient economy. Key findings • Investing in natural capital, resource and energy efficiency can lead to: – Higher rates of GDP growth over time and enhanced wealth – Reduced poverty – Decent employment A green economy can create employment • Agriculture - over the next decade, shifting to sustainable agriculture could increase global employment by as much as 4% • Forests - forest conservation and reforestation could boost formal employment in this sector by 20% by 2050 • Transport - improved energy efficiency across all transport modes combined with modal shift would increase employment by about 10% above business-asusual by 2050 • Energy - expansion of renewables and investments in energy efficiency could generate employment that is 20% higher than business as usual by 2050 Opportunities for green jobs 20.4 million jobs by 2030 in renewable energy Turnover of the Environmental Goods and Services Sector in the EU - Actual: Euros 319 billion in 2008 (2.5%of GDP) Solar PV • 6. 3 million jobs by 2030 • Source: Greenpeace and EPIA Biofuels • 12 million jobs by 2030 • Source: Greenpeace and GWEC Wind power • 2.1 million jobs by 2030 • Source: Worldwatch Institute (2006) Source: Green Jobs Report (UNEP 2008) Key finding: A green economy stimulates growth, exceeding BAU over time… GDP growth (%) …while reducing ecological scarcities and environmental risks Green Economy and Water – Under the green investment scenario, all the MDGs for water are achieved in 2015, making a major contribution to poverty and water borne diseases. Enabling conditions for a green economy • Establish sound regulatory frameworks • Remove harmful subsidies (e.g. fossil fuels, fisheries) • Prioritize green investment • Utilize market mechanisms and taxation • Build capacity through training and technology transfer Incentives for Eco-Innovation Incentive for eco-innovation : CLEAR POLICY SIGNAL! 11 Wind power 10 9 Fuel cells 8 7 Lighting 6 Solar PV 5 4 Electric cars 3 2 All tech. sectors 1 Source: OECD (2010), The Invention and Transfer of Environmental Technologies 1997- 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 0 1980 Patenting activity in Annex 1 ratification countries (3-year moving average, indexed on 1990=1.0) 12 Kyoto Protocol UNEP – GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE Financing the green economy • Investment in greening key sectors is growing but needs further expansion – Investments in clean energy were $180-200 bn in 2010, up from $46 bn in 2004 • Scope for increasing green investments from international finance institutions and national development banks - investing USD350 bn/yr • Need for additional innovative mechanisms and tools – Green Climate Fund – Payments for Ecosystem Services (e.g. REDD+) – Environment, social and governance reporting China – Solar Water Heaters Economic Benefits Environmental Benefits Social Benefits Industry/ Highly profitable Reduce fossil fuel consumption Reduce risk of CO poisoning, Rheumatoid arthritis Household/ save fuel costs ($50 - $500) Save 348,000 tsce of fossil energy/ year 600,000 employed Tunisia – Clean Energy Economic Benefits $1200 million savings in energy bill s= 9.6% of primary energy consumpti on Energy gains to grow to 20% of total energy consumption in 2011 New renewable energy market and job creation 2004 Renewable Energy Law Energy efficiency, Wind, Solar Thermal (Prosol) Policy to transform energy 2004 Renewable energy law Plan Solaire Law was amended in February 2009 support clean electricity by industrial sector PROSOL: As of 2009, Tunisian banks have provided loans totaling over $12 million – five $1200m Energy savings from 2005-2009 times the $2.4 million cost of the programme Brazil – Sustainable Cities Sustainable Planning Initiatives City Management Urban Planning Economic Benefits Per capita loss from severe congestion 6.7-11 times less than other cities Annual fuel losses (per capita) 4.3-13 times less than others Transport Planning Population increase in a sustainable way 361,000 (1960) – 1,797,000 (2007) Fuel usage is 30 percent lower than other cities Policy to transform city and industry Flood control -> turned vulnerable areas into parks Park with buses and bi-cycle path (ecological asset + green infrastructure) Curitiba Industrial City (CIC) 700 companies, 50,000 direct jobs, 150,000 indirect jobs UNEP – Green Economy Initiative Thank You UNEP Green Economy report http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/GreenEconomyReport/tabid/29846/Default.aspx