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Economia internazionale
e dello sviluppo:
a.a. 2014-15, modulo B
Lezione 1: introduzione
Stefano Usai
email: [email protected]
tel.: 070-6753766
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Aspetti organizzativi
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Lunedì-Martedì-Mercoledì, h 12-14.
Lezioni in pdf on line appena possibile
Orario ricevimento: il giovedi dalle 12
alle 13.
Appuntamenti fuori orario concordati
per email
Il corso è diviso in due moduli
Il corso completo è di 12 crediti, 6 per
modulo
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Modulo A e modulo B
Modulo A: Economia internazionale
Fornire le conoscenze necessarie a comprendere meglio ed analizzare
criticamente i meccanismi economici alla base del processo di
integrazione economica e di globalizzazione in atto con alcuni
approfondimenti tematici e geografici.
Modulo B: Economia dello sviluppo
Il problema del divario economico tra paesi e regioni è centrale nel
dibattito economico e politico. Il corso di economia dello sviluppo si
propone di fornire gli strumenti essenziali di analisi teorica e applicata
per sviluppare una visione critica rigorosa di questo fenomeno
approfondimenti
EU topics
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Testo
consigliato
CRESCITA ECONOMICA
PROBLEMI, DATI E METODI DI ANALISI
Weil David N.
Hoepli Editore, 2007
4
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Indice
Uno sguardo d’insieme:
I fatti da spiegare - Gli strumenti con cui impostare
l’analisi.
L’accumulazione dei fattori di produzione:
Il capitale fisico - Popolazione e crescita economica
- Tendenze future nello sviluppo demografico - Il
capitale umano.
Produttività:
Misurare la produttività - Il ruolo della tecnologia
nella crescita economica - La frontiera della
tecnologia - Efficienza - La crescita economica in
una economia aperta.
Fondamenti:
Lo stato - La disuguaglianza del reddito - Il
contesto culturale - Geografia, clima e risorse
naturali - Risorse e ambiente a livello globale.
Conclusioni:
Cosa abbiamo appreso e cosa resta ancora da
capire.
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Programma
per l’esame
Studiare
Capitoli 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15
Millennium Goals Report
2013
Leggere
Capitoli 5, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17
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Testi in inglese
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Prova di Esame modulo A:
L’esame si compone di due parti
prova scritta con due domande a cui rispondere
in forma di mini-tema con il dovuto dettaglio
analitico e grafico, e una domanda che richiede
l’interpretazione di una tabella o un grafico (4
crediti)
2. Report-paese (2 crediti)
1.
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Prova di Esame modulo B
L’esame si compone di due parti
prova scritta con due domande (su tre) a cui
rispondere in forma di mini-tema con il dovuto
dettaglio analitico e grafico (4 crediti)
2. Presentazione in classe su un tema di
approfondimento per gruppi di quattro/cinque
studenti (2 crediti)
1.
Impegno/patto:
La vostra
frequenza
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Temi
gruppo
13
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data
note
Temi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
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Calendario lezioni
Lezione frontali
26 novembre non c’è lezione…riprendiamo
lunedì 1 dicembre
Lezioni presentazioni studenti
Proposta: 22-23 dicembre 2014; 7 gennaio;
12-13-14 gennaio
15
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Calendario esami
Il corso è di 12 crediti diviso in due
moduli, così anche l’esame
Le prossime date di esami sono il 19
gennaio e il 10 febbraio…. Ma si tratta di
nuovo di un errore
Proposta: 30 gennaio e 20 febbraio
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley
Economia internazionale e dello
sviluppo – modulo B
Economia della crescita e dello
sviluppo
Stefano Usai
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Chapter 1
THE FACTS
TO BE
EXPLAINED
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incipit
The consequences for human welfare involved in
the questions about the income gap among
countries are simply staggering; once one starts
to think about them, it is hard to think about
anything else
Robert Lucas, nobel prize
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http://www.miniature-earth.com/
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Africa at night
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Asia at night
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Europe at night
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North America at night
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World at night
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Some updated indicators
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Development
gap among
Italian regions
Development
gap among
provinces
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Development
gap among
local labour
systems
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Pre-financial crisis EU regions
Sardegna=80,1 Italia=104,8
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Gapminder.org
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Table 1.1 Top Eleven Countries in Year 2009
According to Three Different Measures
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Figure 1.1 The Parade of World Income
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Source: Heston, Summers, and Aten (2011).
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Figure 1.2 GDP per Capita in the
United States, 1870–2009
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Figure 1.3 The Effect of Using a Ratio Scale
The formula for a trend:
Yt+1 = Yt(1+g)
Yt+2 = Yt+1(1+g)=Yt(1+g)(1+g)
=Yt(1+g)2
Yt+n = Yt(1+g)n
Let’s extract the logarithm on both
sides:
Log(Yt+n) = log(Yt(1+g)n)
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Log(Yt+n) = log(Yt) + nlog(1+g)
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Figure 1.4 GDP per Capita in the United
States, 1870–2009 (Ratio Scale)
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Figure 1.5 GDP per Capita in the United
States, the United Kingdom, and Japan,
1870–2009...
growth vs
business cycle
Sources: Maddison (1995), Heston, Summers, And Aten (2011).
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Figure 1.6 The Distribution of
Growth Rates,
1975–2009
Source: Heston, Summers, and Aten (2011).
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Figure 1.7 GDP per Capita
By Country Group,
1820–2008
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Sources: Maddison (2008), Heston, Summers, and Aten (2011).
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Re-emerging economies
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Figure 1.8 World Inequality and Its
Components, 1820–1992
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Source: Bourguignon and Morrison (2002).
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Millennium Summit
• In September 2000, building upon a decade of major
United Nations conferences and summits, world leaders
came together at United Nations Headquarters in New
York to adopt the United Nations Millennium Declaration,
committing their nations to a new global partnership to
reduce extreme poverty and setting out a series of timebound targets - with a deadline of 2015 - that have
become known as the Millennium Development Goals.
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www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
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www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
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Chapter 2
A
FRAMEWORK
FOR
ANALYSIS
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The Economics of Sylvania and
Freedonia: A parable
• Why is Silvania so much poorer then its neighbour,
Freedonia?
• You are hired as a consultant by the king of
Silvania: you start by computing GDP
• Same population…one eight of the GDP
– Capital
• investment…saving…(32 times higher in Freedonia than in
Silvania): investment rate 4 times higher… but this would
produce a difference in GDP per capita of a multiple of only 2
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Other potential factors
– Productivity
• Technology: the available knowledge on how to combine
inputs to produce output
• Silvania is 35 years behind… but this explain anotther part of
the gap but not all…
– Efficiency
• Fundamentals
–
–
–
–
This may be the crucial factor to
explain the differences in GDP pc
between Silvania and Freedonia
Government and Institutions
Income inequality
Culture
Geography and natural resources
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From Parable to practice
• Two main causes for growth
– The accumulation of inputs
– Productivity
• Differences in technology
• Differences in efficiency
It is important to distinguish between proximate
causes and ultimate causes
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Figure 2.1 The Production Function
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Figure 2.2 Possible Sources of Differences in
Output per Worker
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From income levels to growth rates
• What happens to Silvania if the king is deposed
and democracy replaces monarchy such as the
two countries have the same fundamentals?
• Does this imply that the two countries have
immediately the same GDP pc?
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What can we learn from data: Relationship
between Latitude and Income per Capita
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What can we learn from data: Relationship
between Income per Capita and Population
Growth
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