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REPUBLIC OF BULGARİA A Brief History of Bulgaria Thracians (from about 400 BC): tribal society Romans (by 100 AD) Roman Empire split in two ( in 395) Byzantine Empire Slavs (500 AD) … Khan Asparukh : ruler of a Bulgar tribe in the second half of the 7th century and is credited with the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 680/681. The Byzantine Empire recognized the state of Bulgaria Emperor Constantine V Khan Krum … In 816, Khan Omurtag made peace. In 846, Bulgaria accepted Christianity. Simeon The Great (893-927)- Emperor of all the Bulgars and Greeks. In the later 10th century, Bulgaria declined. In 1014, after the Battle of Belasita, the Byzantines captured 15,000 Bulgars. In 1018, Bulgaria became part of the Byzantine Empire. Bulgaria In The Middle Ages Heavy taxation provoked rebellion. In 1202, the Byzantines accepted the situation and made peace. In 1204, the Crusaders captured Constantinople. Ivan Asen II (1218-1241) In 1330 – The battle of Velbuzhd Bulgaria Under Turkish Rule In 1393 – Ottomans captured Turnovo. Bulgaria was under Turkish rule for nearly 500 years. In 1688 – Bulgarians rose in rebellion. In the 19th century - Nationalism In 1896 – Some Bulgarians rose in revolt Independent Bulgaria In April 1877 – Russia declared war on Ottoman Empire. On 3 March, The treaty of Stefano ended the war. Treaty of Berlin – Bulgaria was split in two. In 1885 – People in Eastern Rumelia staged a coup. In November 1885 – Serbians declared war. 5 October 1908 – Prince Ferdinand announced the complete independence. Bulgaria In The 20th Century In October 1912, the three countries invaded Turkish territory in Europe. On 29 June 1913, Bulgaria attacked Serbia and Greece. World War I In September 1918, French and British troops entered Bulgaria. On 29 September 1918, Bugaria signed an armistice. In 1919, Bulgaria was forced to sign the treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine. … Royal authoritarian dictatorship by tsar Boris III, Bulgaria entered World War II. In the summer of 1943, Boris III died. In September 1944, the communistdominated Fatherland Front took power. 9 September 1944 – abolition of monachic rule. Georgi Dimitrov (1946-1949) … Todor Zhivkov (1954-1989) By the mid-1950s standards of living rose. An assimilation campaign against ethnic Turks in 1980s. On 10 November 1989 – A transition from a single-party republic to a parliamentary democracy. In 1990 – The first free election. General Information Capital city : Sofia Government type : Parliamentary democracy Area: 110,879 sq km Border countries : Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey Population : 7,093,635 (100th in the world) … Ethnic groups: Bulgarians 84,8% Turks 8,8% Roma 4.9% Other 1,5%(including Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) Languages: Bulgarian(official), Turkish, Roma, Other … Religions : Bulgarian Orthodox 82,6%, Muslims 12,2%, Other Christians 1,2%, Other 4% GDP(purchasing power parity) : $96,78 billion GDP per capita : $13,500 Labor force : 2,499 million Unemployment rate : 9,5% Population below poverty line 21,8% … National resources : Bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land. Export partners : Germany 10,9%, Italy 9,9%, Romania 9,5%, Greece 8,1%, Turkey 7,9%, France 4,1% Import partners : Russia 16,3%, Germany 11,8%, Italy 7,5%, Romania 7,1%, Greece 6%, Turkey 5,2%, Ukraine 4,2%