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Describing trends
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Rise
Raise
Arise
Rise, rose, risen – irreg.v. (intr.: rise + Ø)
The price has already risen. Prices rose
yesterday.Prices are rising.
Raise, raised, raised - reg.v.(trans.:raise+object)
They raised the prices. He has raised his
voice. Raise your hand! He raised the
question of salaries yesterday.
Arise, arose, arisen
Many problems have arisen. A crisis is arising.
Rise, rose , risen (irr. v.)
Raise, raised, raised (reg. v.)
Arise, arose, arisen (irr. (v.)
Inflation is … all over Europe.
We need to … their salaries.
This has …. a lot of problems.
A problem has ….
The government needs to … funds for these
construction works.
 Our salaries have … by 13% since January.
 This … the question of illiquidity.
 Our profits .... 11% last year.
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Rise, rose , risen (irr. v.)
Raise, raised, raised (reg. v.)
Arise, arose, arisen (irr. (v.)
Inflation is RISING all over Europe.
We need to RAISE their salaries.
This has RAISED a lot of problems.
A problem has ARISEN.
The government needs to RAISE funds for
these construction works.
 Our salaries have RISEN by 13% since
January.
 This RAISES the question of illiquidity.
 Our profits ROSE 11% last year.
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Sentence structure
Rephrase the following sentences:
e.g.
Retail sales fell in the second quarter. (v.→ n.)
There was a fall in the second quarter retail sales.
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Britain’s economy grew slowly in the second quarter.
There was a slow growth in Britain’s economy in the
second quarter.
A slow growth was recorded in Britain’s economy in the
second quarter.
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Shoe imports from China to the EU rose by 300% in the
nine months ending in October 2005 compared with the
same period 2004.
There was a rise of 300% in shoe imports from China...
A rise of 300% was recorded in shoe imports from
China...
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Cadburry Schweppes reported a 46% rise in net profit in
2005 (n.→v.)
Cadburry Schweppes’s net profit rose by 46% in 2005.
Turn the sentences below into
similar sentences (adj + noun)
e.g. Sales increased sharply between 2002 and
2005.
There was a sharp increase in sales …
A sharp increase in sales was recorded …
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Profits rose dramatically …
Salaries declined gradually …
The employment rate grew steadily…
The GDP fell rapidly …
Turn the sentences below into
similar sentences (verb +adv)
e.g. There was a sharp increase in sales
between 2002 and 2005.
Sales increased sharply between 2002
and 2005.
 There was a dramatic rise in profits …
 A gradual decrease in salaries was
observed …
 A steady growth in the employment rate
was recorded …
 There was a rapid fall in the GDP ….
Fill in the blanks (prepositions):
 Last year sales rose …€7m … €7.5m. So
that’s an increase … €0.5m.
 Last year there was an increase … sales
… 8%.In other words, sales went up …
2,500 reaching 10,000.
 Our market share now stands … 28%.
 Unemployment figures have been
relatively stable for some time,
fluctuating …. 4.3% and 4.6%.
Fill in the blanks (prepositions):
 Last year sales rose FROM €7m TO
€7.5m. So that’s an increase OF €0.5m.
 Last year there was an increase IN sales
OF 8%.In other words, sales went up BY
2,500 reaching 10,000.
 Our market share now stands AT 28%.
 Unemployment figures have been
relatively stable for some time,
fluctuating BETWEEN 4.3% and 4.6%.
Fill in the blanks:
 There was an increase …. 50,000 …. 2000 ….
2002.
 Overall sales peaked … nearly 60,000 … 2002,
but then plummeted … 10,000 over the next
two years.
 After some fluctuations, in 2000 sales reached
their peak … 15,000, which is a rise … 5,000
since the beginning of the year.
 Sales increased … over 11,000 reaching around
26,000 between 2004 and 2007, but then
again dropped … more than 10,000 between
2007 and 2010 falling …. 15,000.