What the Government Purchases Multiplier Actually Multiplied in the
... of ARRA on federal government sector transactions in the NIPA. The data are updated each month at the time of the advance estimates and updates of quarterly GDP in “Effect of the ARRA on Selected Federal Government Sector Transactions,” which is posted on the BEA website at http://www.bea.gov/recove ...
... of ARRA on federal government sector transactions in the NIPA. The data are updated each month at the time of the advance estimates and updates of quarterly GDP in “Effect of the ARRA on Selected Federal Government Sector Transactions,” which is posted on the BEA website at http://www.bea.gov/recove ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHAT THE GOVERNMENT PURCHASES MULTIPLIER ACTUALLY MULTIPLIED
... of ARRA on federal government sector transactions in the NIPA. The data are updated each month at the time of the advance estimates and updates of quarterly GDP in “Effect of the ARRA on Selected Federal Government Sector Transactions,” which is posted on the BEA website at http://www.bea.gov/recove ...
... of ARRA on federal government sector transactions in the NIPA. The data are updated each month at the time of the advance estimates and updates of quarterly GDP in “Effect of the ARRA on Selected Federal Government Sector Transactions,” which is posted on the BEA website at http://www.bea.gov/recove ...
a decade behind - Center on Education and the Workforce
... manufacturing workers three times as productive now, they need more nuanced skills, training and preparation. Manufacturing’s success has come at the expense of workers. Employment in many southern states is more concentrated than the national norm in manufacturing, utilities and transportation. Her ...
... manufacturing workers three times as productive now, they need more nuanced skills, training and preparation. Manufacturing’s success has come at the expense of workers. Employment in many southern states is more concentrated than the national norm in manufacturing, utilities and transportation. Her ...
The United States of Walmart: Economics 226 Module 4
... According to some studies, Wal-Mart dictates control over prices so as to affect the United States Consumer Price Index as a whole. As stated by Global Insight, “We found that the expansion of Wal-Mart over the period 1985-2004 can be associated with a cumulative decline of 9.1% in food-at-home pric ...
... According to some studies, Wal-Mart dictates control over prices so as to affect the United States Consumer Price Index as a whole. As stated by Global Insight, “We found that the expansion of Wal-Mart over the period 1985-2004 can be associated with a cumulative decline of 9.1% in food-at-home pric ...
Changes in Inventory Managment and the Business Cycle
... notable changes in their inventory management methods, In particular, large movements in interest rates in the early 1980s and increased global trade have combined to motivate firms to reduce inventory levels relative to sales as part of larger downsizing efforts, More efficient inventory management ...
... notable changes in their inventory management methods, In particular, large movements in interest rates in the early 1980s and increased global trade have combined to motivate firms to reduce inventory levels relative to sales as part of larger downsizing efforts, More efficient inventory management ...
Systematic Errors in Growth Expectations over the Business Cycle
... Due to the specific structure of the survey data, it is appropriate to use two different methods for dating recessions and recoveries. Thereby, we can account for the fact that forecasts of our sample are made for annual growth rates and simultaneously analyze how the average forecast errors evolve ...
... Due to the specific structure of the survey data, it is appropriate to use two different methods for dating recessions and recoveries. Thereby, we can account for the fact that forecasts of our sample are made for annual growth rates and simultaneously analyze how the average forecast errors evolve ...
How Useful is Okun`s Law? - Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
... A common form for the dynamic version of Okun’s law would have current real output growth, past real output growth, and past changes in the unemployment rate as variables on the right side of the equation.5 These variables would then explain the current change in the unemployment rate on the left si ...
... A common form for the dynamic version of Okun’s law would have current real output growth, past real output growth, and past changes in the unemployment rate as variables on the right side of the equation.5 These variables would then explain the current change in the unemployment rate on the left si ...
Growing pains : binding constraints to productive - Inter
... falling and banks are full of liquidity, it would be hard to argue that lack of loanable funds is the problem. Third, if something is really holding a society back, members of the society must be finding ways around it. If poor provision of property rights is the binding constraint, then people would ...
... falling and banks are full of liquidity, it would be hard to argue that lack of loanable funds is the problem. Third, if something is really holding a society back, members of the society must be finding ways around it. If poor provision of property rights is the binding constraint, then people would ...
physical savings - Editorial Express
... real interest rate. What is the effect of real interest rate (IR) on savings? The effect of an increase in real interest rate on saving could be either positive or negative. An increase in real interest rate increases the relative price of current consumption. Hence, it encourages people to substitu ...
... real interest rate. What is the effect of real interest rate (IR) on savings? The effect of an increase in real interest rate on saving could be either positive or negative. An increase in real interest rate increases the relative price of current consumption. Hence, it encourages people to substitu ...
Is Government Spending at the Zero Lower Bound Desirable?
... A series of recent papers have argued that, once an economy faces a binding zero lower bound (ZLB) constraint on the nominal interest rate, government spending as a stabilization tool is particularly e¤ective. This is the message of Christiano, Eichenbaum and Rebelo (2011) (CER 2011 henceforth), Egg ...
... A series of recent papers have argued that, once an economy faces a binding zero lower bound (ZLB) constraint on the nominal interest rate, government spending as a stabilization tool is particularly e¤ective. This is the message of Christiano, Eichenbaum and Rebelo (2011) (CER 2011 henceforth), Egg ...
Global Economic Prospects June 2016
... Global Economic Prospects at 25 This year marks the 25th anniversary of the Global Economic Prospects, a World Bank Group flagship report prepared by the Prospects Group in the Development Economics Vice Presidency. In the early 1970s, the World Bank started producing notes on “Prospects for Develo ...
... Global Economic Prospects at 25 This year marks the 25th anniversary of the Global Economic Prospects, a World Bank Group flagship report prepared by the Prospects Group in the Development Economics Vice Presidency. In the early 1970s, the World Bank started producing notes on “Prospects for Develo ...
Chapter 3. Will It Hurt?
... •• What are the long-term effects on output of reducing government debt? Do the long-term effects depend on whether the savings from lower interest payments are used to provide tax cuts or to finance new spending? Given the importance of these issues, this chapter is not the first to address them. I ...
... •• What are the long-term effects on output of reducing government debt? Do the long-term effects depend on whether the savings from lower interest payments are used to provide tax cuts or to finance new spending? Given the importance of these issues, this chapter is not the first to address them. I ...
The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years
... Congressional Budget Office (CBO) anticipates, as gradual improvement in many of the forces that drive the economy is offset by the effects of budgetary changes that are scheduled to occur under current law. After this year, economic growth will speed up, CBO projects, causing the unemployment rate ...
... Congressional Budget Office (CBO) anticipates, as gradual improvement in many of the forces that drive the economy is offset by the effects of budgetary changes that are scheduled to occur under current law. After this year, economic growth will speed up, CBO projects, causing the unemployment rate ...
Unfunded Liabilities of State and Local Government
... ■■ Unfunded liabilities for health and other benefits are $558 billion, compared to the reported $537 billion. ■■ Thus, total unfunded liabilities for all benefit plans are an estimated $3.1 trillion — nearly three times higher than the plans report. To put these liabilities in context, state and lo ...
... ■■ Unfunded liabilities for health and other benefits are $558 billion, compared to the reported $537 billion. ■■ Thus, total unfunded liabilities for all benefit plans are an estimated $3.1 trillion — nearly three times higher than the plans report. To put these liabilities in context, state and lo ...
The End of the Great Depression 1939‐41: VAR Insight on Policy Contributions and Fiscal Multipliers
... Depression last so long?” is perhaps the second most important topic in domestic macroeconomic history next to “Why did the Great Depression Happen?” A determination of what factor or combination of factors ended the Depression can be turned on its head to suggest which alternative policies coul ...
... Depression last so long?” is perhaps the second most important topic in domestic macroeconomic history next to “Why did the Great Depression Happen?” A determination of what factor or combination of factors ended the Depression can be turned on its head to suggest which alternative policies coul ...
The Retail Industry on the Rise in South Africa
... The Franchise Association of South Africa The Franchise Association of South Africa (FASA) represents franchisors, franchisees and the professional organisations that service the franchise industry. 13 Amongst others, members of FASA include those in the retail industry, fast-food & restaurants and ...
... The Franchise Association of South Africa The Franchise Association of South Africa (FASA) represents franchisors, franchisees and the professional organisations that service the franchise industry. 13 Amongst others, members of FASA include those in the retail industry, fast-food & restaurants and ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING AND PRIVATE ACTIVITY Valerie A. Ramey
... Rotemberg and Woodford (1992) made this distinction in their empirical work by examining shocks to total defense spending after conditioning on lags of the number of military personnel. Wynne (1992) was the first to point out the theoretical distinction between government spending on purchases of go ...
... Rotemberg and Woodford (1992) made this distinction in their empirical work by examining shocks to total defense spending after conditioning on lags of the number of military personnel. Wynne (1992) was the first to point out the theoretical distinction between government spending on purchases of go ...
"Does Government Spending Stimulate Private Activity?"
... Rotemberg and Woodford (1992) made this distinction in their empirical work by examining shocks to total defense spending after conditioning on lags of the number of military personnel. Wynne (1992) was the first to point out the theoretical distinction between government spending on purchases of go ...
... Rotemberg and Woodford (1992) made this distinction in their empirical work by examining shocks to total defense spending after conditioning on lags of the number of military personnel. Wynne (1992) was the first to point out the theoretical distinction between government spending on purchases of go ...
The End of the Great Depression: VAR Insight on the Roles of
... In addition to the basic question “why did the Great Depression happen?” there is an obvious second question “why did the Great Depression last so long?” A determination of what factor or combination of factors ended the Depression can be turned on its head to suggest which alternative policies ...
... In addition to the basic question “why did the Great Depression happen?” there is an obvious second question “why did the Great Depression last so long?” A determination of what factor or combination of factors ended the Depression can be turned on its head to suggest which alternative policies ...
6MONITORING CYCLES, JOBS, AND THE PRICE LEVEL*
... but expects to be called back as soon as the economy improves. This person has just graduated from college and will start a new job in three weeks. In the meantime this person will tour the great American beaches. This person was laid off last year when new equipment was installed at the plant, redu ...
... but expects to be called back as soon as the economy improves. This person has just graduated from college and will start a new job in three weeks. In the meantime this person will tour the great American beaches. This person was laid off last year when new equipment was installed at the plant, redu ...
Mercatus Center
... But Kazakhstan’s rapid growth in the last seven years did not exclusively depend on favorable world market conditions for these sectors. It is also the result of market-oriented economic reforms, especially rapid price and trade liberalization, privatization, sound macroeconomic policy, and the prom ...
... But Kazakhstan’s rapid growth in the last seven years did not exclusively depend on favorable world market conditions for these sectors. It is also the result of market-oriented economic reforms, especially rapid price and trade liberalization, privatization, sound macroeconomic policy, and the prom ...
Fiscal policy in an oil economy
... moderation in petroleum revenue spending before the increased costs associated with an aging population begin to put public finances under serious pressure. Norway’s economic policy should not be based on rising direct and indirect tax levels over time. To support a sound and transparent budget proc ...
... moderation in petroleum revenue spending before the increased costs associated with an aging population begin to put public finances under serious pressure. Norway’s economic policy should not be based on rising direct and indirect tax levels over time. To support a sound and transparent budget proc ...
PROCYCLICAL AND COUNTERCYCLICAL FISCAL MULTIPLIERS
... Using non-linear methods, we argue that existing estimates of government spending multipliers in expansion and recession may yield biased results by ignoring whether government spending is increasing or decreasing. In the case of OECD countries, the problem originates in the fact that, contrary to o ...
... Using non-linear methods, we argue that existing estimates of government spending multipliers in expansion and recession may yield biased results by ignoring whether government spending is increasing or decreasing. In the case of OECD countries, the problem originates in the fact that, contrary to o ...
... If society is initially at point C , it must sacrifice 6 units of bread to obtain one more unit of tractors. If society produces 2 units of tractors and 12 units of bread, it is not using its available resources with maximum efficiency. Other things equal, the combination of outputs represented by p ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE END OF THE GREAT
... Depression last so long?” is perhaps the second most important topic in domestic macroeconomic history next to “Why did the Great Depression Happen?” A determination of what factor or combination of factors ended the Depression can be turned on its head to suggest which alternative policies coul ...
... Depression last so long?” is perhaps the second most important topic in domestic macroeconomic history next to “Why did the Great Depression Happen?” A determination of what factor or combination of factors ended the Depression can be turned on its head to suggest which alternative policies coul ...