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Pham Minh Thu (Ms)
Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of
Vietnam
Politic and History
 Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV)
 In the cause of national building, the Vietnamese also had to cope
with the foreign aggression. Vietnam had been dominated by
different Chinese dynasties for more than a thousand years. In
the 19th century, through missionaries and trade, the French
gradually dominated Vietnam. Vietnam became a semi-feudal
colony for nearly 100 years from 1858 to 1945.
 In 2nd September 1945 with first independent proclamation Of
President Ho Chi Minh and the famous : “Nothing is more
valuable than independent and freedom”. But it is not the end of
war because of American colony in Southern part of Vietnam.
 Unification in 1975 (from 2 separated parts: the North and the
South) after the victory of the historic Ho Chi Minh Operation
 54 ethnics with Kinh – 85%, Chinese-3%;Tay: 1.9%; Thai: 1.7%
 Member of ASEAN, APEC and WTO
Location and Population
 Viet Nam is long and narrow, with a 1,400-
mi. coast. About 24% of country is readily
arable, including the densely settled Red R.
valley in the N, narrow coastal plains in
center, and the wide, often marshy Mekong
R. Delta in the S. The rest consists of semiarid plateaus and barren mountains, with
some stretches of tropical rain forest.
 Total square: 329.000km with border with
China in the north, with Lao in the west, with
Cambodia in the southwest and other with
the sea. 64 provinces.
 2008, 12th in the world, 8th in the Asia and 3rd
in the ASEAN with total population more
than 86 million peoples and 260 peoples/km2
Vietnam Smiles
Economic Overview
 Growth rate 2000-2007: ~8%/year, 2008:6.2%; 2009:
5.5% -estimated(int. crisis)
 Industrialization and modernization , share of GDP
contribution (1996-2008) :
Agriculture
Industry
Service
28%
30%
42%
22%
40%
38%
 Economy Reform in 1986, open the economy for Private
development and Foreign Investment Sector, share of
GDP contribution (1996-2008)
State
Private
FDI
40%
53%
7%
34%
47%
19%
Export-oriented economic development
Items
Volume/Value
Ranking (in the world)
Crude oil
10.7 billion $
Textile &Garment
9.1 billion $
10
Footwear
4.7 billion $
4
Seafood
4.5 billion $
9
Rice
6.2 million ton/ 2.9 bill $
2
Wooden products
2.8 billion $
Electronic parts
2.7 billion $
Coffee
2.1 billion $
2
Rubber
1.6 billion $
5
Coal
1.4 billion $
Shelled cashew nut
911 million $
1
Poverty and Living Standard
 GDP per capita: 1034$ (2008) –
ppp: 3100$
 Poverty rate: 58% (1992) 37%
(1998) 29% (2002) 19%
(2005)  11% (2009)
 Who are the poor:
Rural : 15% vs Urban: 2.8%
Minority Ethnic: 30% vs
Kinh&Chinese: 6%
Government Intervention
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National Target program on Poverty Reduction
Credit: preferential credit for the poor
Extension: target all the farmers
Health: Health card for the poor (free of charge)
Education: Free for the children of the poor HHs
Vocational Training: for the poor
House and clean water: for the poor
Infrastructures: coastal and island communes with special difficulties.
Legal support for the poor
Program support to ethnic minorities and high mountainous, remote
communes with special difficulties
Development of production
Infrastructure
Capacity Buliding
Livelihood Improvement
Government Intervention
 Total budget for 2 programs (2008):
2,300 billion VND ~ 128 mil. $ - cover 2.2% State Budget
Expenditure
 Set up poverty line on basic needs (2100Kcal added nonfood needs) and identification poor Households
NGOs Intervention
 Donors Conference was carried out every
year
 Support to Policy Design Improvement, not
Policy Implementation, Poverty Analysis and
recommend to the Government
 Many activities on projects in small areas:
develop the production model, develop the
handcraft production and vocational for rural
people, esp. for women, community
development
Infrastructures –biggest
component
 Government give every special commune
amount of money for infrastructure building:
about 39.000$/year – from 2000- to 2010.
 5 type of infrastructure could be chosen:
electricity, road, school, health center or
extension center.
 The communes discuss what will be built,
how to build, take part as a worker with
salary, monitor the building progress and
take the maintenance of the building
Challenges – Environment
100.000 new/ 70.000 died every year by cancer
Challenges – Cultural and
Social Values
Xin chao! Cam on!