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Income Generation and Poverty
Reduction for Development
Mekong Institute
Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Format

General information of Thailand in brief

Government and Non-government organizations’
interventions related to income generation and
poverty reduction for development

Best practices concerning income generation and
poverty reduction implementations

Problems, opportunities and challenges in those
interventions in Thailand
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I. General information of Thailand in brief
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Asia
Korea
China
Afganistan
Japan
Pakistan
India
Bangladesh
Myanmar Laos
Thailand
Vietnam
Cambodia
Sri Lanka
Malaysia Brunei
Singapore
Indonesia
The Philippines
GMS GDP 1995 to 2003
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Thailand’s Regions
Which region is the poorest?
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Poverty Headcount
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Number of Poor
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Poverty Maps
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Who are the poor in Thailand?
 NESDB : Poverty line
 Poverty line Β 1,443/person/month (B 17,316/year)
 Poverty head count 8.5 percent (2007)
 Number of poor 5,400,000
 CDD : Basic Minimum Needs
 Annual Income Β 23,000/person
 Poverty head count 4.6 percent (2007)
 Number of poor (HH) 356,140 out of 7,743,351
 MOI: Poverty registration (2004)
 The poor register herself at the District branch and to
fill out a form stating the major reasons of poverty.
 The District office passes on the roster of the poor to the
village committee for assessment of their validity.
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Poverty Registration
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II. Government and Non-government
organizations’ interventions related to
income generation and poverty reduction
for development
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Sufficiency Economy Philosophy
On 4 December 1997, King Bhumibol Adulyadej made his usual birthday
address to a nationwide television audience. The contents were
anything but usual.
Recently, so many projects have been implemented, so many factories have
been built, that it was thought Thailand would become a little tiger, and
then a big tiger. People were crazy about becoming a tiger…
Being a tiger is not important. The important thing for us is to have a
sufficient economy. A sufficient economy means to have enough to
support ourselves…
It doesn’t have to be complete, not even half, perhaps just a quarter, then
we can survive…
Those who like modern economics may not appreciate this. But we have to
take a careful step backwards.
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Sufficiency Economy and Globalization
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III. Best practices concerning income
generation and poverty reduction
implementations
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In-Pang Network
Sufficiency in agriculture:
In 1987, a small group of community
leaders and local scholars met
together in Ban Bua, a village in the
hilly region of the far northeast of
Thailand, to discuss a major problem:
the more they invested in cashcropping, the deeper they slipped into
debt.
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In-Pang Network
 Stage 1: Grow what we eat and eat what we grow
Within a few years, the villagers cultivated or
collected a wide variety of food produce. They
had enough for home consumption, for
exchanging among themselves, and for selling
to neighboring communities, generally at
prices below the market rate.
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In-Pang Network
 Stage 2: Community enterprises
As the success of the pioneers became better known,
the In-Pang network began to expand. Often other
villagers came to visit the pioneer areas in order to
learn the new techniques. Later the network leaders
began to visit neighboring areas to explain what they
were doing and invite other communities to join. As
the network became larger, it served as a market for a
growing range of products made by community
enterprises.
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In-Pang Network
 Stage 3: Networking for diversity and security
As the network expanded, inter-village organization was
needed to help structure production along the pattern of
value chains. In the production of makmao wine, a few
farmer groups prepared young plants in their nurseries,
and sold them on to grower groups who raised them in
community forests. They then sold the fruit onward to
workshops making juice and wine. These in turn supplied
the end product to groups with marketing skill who
supplied community shops and other outlets. Pork
processing, rice milling, organic fertilizer production, silk
weaving and dress making all followed a similar pattern.
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In-Pang Network
Sustainable development
 To best utilize their existing resources, the communities
began to systematically collect information on the natural
resources, local knowledge, social capital, financial capital,
and other assets in the villages participating in the
network. This information was used to develop community
master plans.
 The network also began to campaign for conserving the
environment. Households were encouraged to make their
own organic fertilizer from waste materials, and to grow
timber trees rather than cutting from the forests. Some
villages developed systems for recycling waste.
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IV. Problems, opportunities and challenges in
those interventions in Thailand
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Policy Recommendation/Campaign
Knowledge & Management
KM4POOR
 Who are the (rural) poor?
 What are the appropriate (agricultural)
technologies for the (rural) poor?
 How to run the process of commercialization (of
agriculture) for the poor sustainably?
PPP?
Empowerment?
Risk management?
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