Download Australia, New Zealand, and Oceana

Australia,
New Zealand,
and Oceania
Australia - Geography
• 3 million square miles, so considered a
continent instead of an island
• Western half - the Outback; flat, dry desert.
Uluru, or Ayers Rock, one of Australia’s
nest-know landforms is found here.
• Eastern half – low mountains, valleys,
rivers, fertile planes
Australia – Great Barrier Reef
• Located off Australia’s northeastern coast
• Coral reef – a collection of rocky material
found in shallow, tropical waters
• Largest living structure on earth. Home to
an incredible variety of marine animals
• Great Barrier Reef https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbNeIn3vVKM
Australia – Wildlife
Deadly animals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_sKpD9C-PU
Australia – Aborigines
• Aborigines – first humans to live in
Australia.
• Indigenous – term refers to a group of
people that are “native” or the first
people in a particular area or place.
• Australia’s Aborigines most likely
migrated there from Southeast Asia at
least 40,000 years ago.
• Nomads, gathered plants, hunted
animals with boomerangs and spears.
• Dreamtime – Aborigine’s religion in
which nature played important role;
believe it was their duty to preserve
the land.
• Digeridoo – musical instrument
•
digeridoo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vyf7hxVpI-Y
•
Beatbox digeridoo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3a60_lwWjE
Australia – Europeans Arrive
• Found in 1600s but not explored
• James Cook – British explorer, explored
main islands of New Zealand in 1769. The
following year landed on east coast of
Australia and claimed it for Britain.
• Started out a penal colony. Between 1788
and 1868, the British sent approximately
162,000 convicts to prison colonies in
Australia.
• Other British also came, built farms and
ranches, took over the Aborigines’ lands,
and introduced disease.
• Gained its independence in early 1900s,
but still part of the British Commonwealth
today.
•
Aborigines https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpAS5f4TjNw
New Zealand -
Geography
• Located 1,000 miles southeast of
Australia
• 2 main islands: North Island and
South Island; many natural
harbors along coasts
• North Island – covered by hills
and coastal plains. Also has
volcanoes, geysers, and hot
springs.
• South Island – large mountain
range called Southern Alps; thick
forests, deep lakes, glaciers,
fertile hills, rich plains
New Zealand -
Geography
Amplitude https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xa0Q0J5tOP0
Awakening https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6D-A6CL3Pv8
Hobbit Locations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPUqFw1dXaQ
New Zealand –
Maori
• New Zealand’s first settlers came from
other Pacific Islands about 1,200 years
ago. The Maori are their descendants.
• Hunters and fishers, but also farmed.
•
Maori https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLsohqp30rs
•
Traditional Haka https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BI851yJUQQw
•
Rugby Haka https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTwbKryrhks
New Zealand – Europeans Arrive
• Very similar to Australia
• James Cook explored in 1769.
• Large numbers of British settlers arrived
in early 1800s.
• Maori signed treaty with Britain in 1840,
making it part of the British Empire.
• Tensions between Maori and British led
to series of wars over land.
• Gained independence in early 1900s.
• Today a member of the British
Commonwealth and a close ally of the
United Kingdom.
• Populations of Australia and New
Zealand mostly European, very small
numbers of aboriginal and Maori left.
Oceania -
Geography
• Pacific Islands divided into three
regions:
• Micronesia – “tiny islands,” 2,000 small
islands east of Philippines
• Melanesia – south of Micronesia
stretching from New Guinea in the
west to Fiji in the east; most heavily
populated region.
• Polynesia – “many islands,” largest
region; includes Tonga, Samoa, and the
Hawaiian Islands.
Oceania -
Geography
• High islands – mountainous terrain, rich
soils, dense rain forests
• Low islands – usually formed from coral
reefs; poor soil, agriculture limited
• Atoll – a small, ring-shaped coral island
that surrounds a lagoon
Oceania -
History
• Scholars believe people began settling the Pacific Islands
35,000 years ago, though they are puzzled over exactly
how they reached these thousands of islands. Evidence
suggests maybe they came from Southeast Asia.
• Expert canoe builders; boats may have looked like these.
• May have used stick charts like this to navigate from
island to island. Sticks show direction of waves and
currents; shells show location of islands.
• Polynesian Settlement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuJk_a4iWj0 (probably watch first half)
Oceania -
•
Polynesian Cultural Center https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZ2bh-4Hx9c
Culture
Oceania –
Easter Island
• Rapa Nui – Polynesian name; located 2,300 miles west of Chile.
• 887 stone figures called moai
• Average of 13 feet high, but largest is 32 feet tall and weighs 82
tons
• Archeologist have discovered that some do have bodies.
• How they were made and moved or what purpose they served
is unknown, though there are many theories.
•
Moving Easter Island Statues https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5YR0uqPAI8