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The New Deal I. II. III. IV. Background Creating the Safety Net A. Relief B. Jobs C. Social insurance Union Legitimacy A. Norris-LaGuardia B. NRA C. Anti-Racketeering Law of 1933 D. NLRA Response A. Workers B. Employers C. Constitutional Conflict Values • Public control – Economic morality – Progressivism • SOL Frances Perkins • Cooperation – End of individualism • Experimentation – Emergency mentality Public Works Administration Construction of the Triborough Bridge Relief • In 1933, Congress enacts $4.8B relief bill • $1B per year • 2% of GDP Relief line, San Antonio, TX, 1939 Civilian Conservation Corps • Plant trees • Build parks Works Progress Administration • Culture – Writers, artists, actors • Promotes unions, Democratic policies Social Insurance • Old Age benefits • Payroll tax Norris-LaGuardia • Precedes New Deal • Passed in 1932 by new Congress – Democratic majority – Progressive Republicans • Rep. Fiorello LaGuardia (R-NY) • Sen. George Norris (R-NB) • Declared labor’s right to organize • Outlawed yellow dog contracts “The Little Flower” • Barred federal judges from issuing labor injunctions National Recovery Administration • Economic Planning – Agricultural Adjustment Administration • Industrial self-governance • Right to join labor union—Section 7A National Labor Relations Act • Also known as the Wagner Act (1935) • Encourage collective bargaining to stabilize wages • Guarantees worker’s right to join a union Senator Robert Wagner (D-NY) • NLRB – arbitrates – counts ballots Anti-Racketeering Act of 1933 • New legitimacy requires policymakers redefine criminality • Federal, state, local campaign against racketeering ensues • Word is vague Al Capone, 1929 • AFL uses to establish itself as the source of legitimacy Workers Respond • Progressive unions make big gains – United Mine Workers – Amalgamated Clothing Workers • AFL confronts manufacturing – Federal locals – Automobile • Toledo • Auto-lite • General strikes Minneapolis teamsters fight police, 1934 – Minneapolis – San Francisco Employers • Rhetorical – Call NIRA fascism – Call Democrats “communists” • Practical James H. Rand, Jr. President of Remington-Rand, Inc. Cited for "wholesale violations" of NLRA – Textiles Constitutional Conflict • Corporate manufacturers fund legal challenge • USSC voids NIRA in 1935 • Employers refuse to abide Wagner Act until court rules U.S. Supreme Court, 1932 • Jones & Laughlin case (1937) – Justice Roberts switches – Court upholds NLRA & federal economic regulation generally