Download Challenges facing tertiary institutions in

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Challenges facing tertiary institutions in
participating and contributing
to African aviation
Sunil Maharaj
DEAN
University of Pretoria
AGENDA
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Our Global Competitiveness
National Development Plan and HEI
The Bottleneck – a broader view
Food for thought
Conclusion
Research and Development is the cornerstone !
Global Competitiveness Index 2014 - 2015
Mauritius, Rwanda and South Africa (burgundy red) while
Botswana and Morocca (ligher red) are relatively more competitive
12 Pillars for competitiveness
 The most worrying is that Africa is
underperforming in Education and Public
Health
 54% of African employers state that job
seeker’s skills do not match their needs
Value Proposition of doing Postgraduate Studies
Graduate School (ie. Postgrad.)
7
http://www.nber.org/papers/w16082 (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010, USA)
Ref: DHET Jan 2015 Research Outputs Report
National Development Plan Targets
 Based on 2013 data SA produces 2051 PhD graduates
 This implies 38 PhD graduates per million of population
Industry must see the HCD
value proposition and buy in!
10
National Development Plan Targets
 Based on 2013 data SA produces 2051 PhD graduates
 This implies 38 PhD graduates per million of population
 In Comparison:
 UK 288 PhD’s per million
 USA 201 PhD’s per million
 Korea 187 PhD’s per million
11
Industry must see the HCD
value proposition and buy in!
National Development Plan Targets
 Based on 2013 data SA produces 2051 PhD graduates
 This implies about 38 PhD graduates per million of population
 In Comparison:
 UK 288 PhD’s per million
 USA 201 PhD’s per million
 Korea 187 PhD’s per million
Industry must see the HCD
value proposition and buy in!
 SA’s target for 2030 is 5000 PhD’s
 This implies approx. 100 PhD’s per million of population
 Majority needs to be in SET for SA to be a leading innovator
12
GERD in South Africa
SOUTH AFRICA
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D - GERD (Rand Millions)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at market prices (Rand Millions)
VALUE
2008/09
2009/10
21 041.0
20 954.7
2 283 822
2 395 967
GERD as a percentage of GDP
0.92
0.87
Civil GERD as a percentage of GDP
0.87
0.82
Total R&D personnel (FTE) a
30 801.5
30 891.3
Total researchers (FTE) b
19 384.3
19 793.1
Total researchers per 1000 total employment (FTE)
1.4
1.5
Total R&D personnel per 1000 total employment (FTE)
2.2
2.3
Total researchers (headcount)
Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers b
39 955
40 797
39.7
National Survey of Research and Experimental
Development, DST. Pg. 5
40.8
Comparator Countries
India and Comparator Countries: Key R&D Statistics
Table 1: R&D Investment Statistics of the Countries Examined in this Study (2012)
Total GDP1
Total GERD1
%
Share of
World R&D2
GERD as % of
GDP
Researchers2
USA
16244.6
452.6
29
2.8
14,25,550
Japan
4488.3
157.1
11.1
3.5
6,56,651
Germany
3377.5
104.4
6.1
3.1
2,90,853
France
2371.9
53.4
3.8
2.3
2,15,755
UK
2368.2
41.9
3.2
1.8
2,62,303
Russia
3373.2
36.4
2.5
1.1
4,47,579
South Korea
1540.2
53.1
4
3.5
2,88,901
China
12314.7
197.1
13.7
1.6
13,18,086
India
1841.7
14.8
2.8
0.8
1,54,827
South Africa
569.5
5.4
0.4
0.9
19,320
Brazil
2435.2
30.4
1.9
1.3
1,33,266
1Figures
Source: NSF (2013), OECD Stat (2013), Eurostat (2012), and UNESCO report (2010); Note:
of GDP
(Gross Domestic Product) and GERD (Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D) are in US Billion Dollars;
22012 or latest data available.
Scientific Research in India. ISTIP Bulletin No 3.
Increasing Scientific Activity of Emerging Economies: Another major cause behind the global
publication growth can be seen from the increasing scientific activity of emerging economies. The figure
provides evidence for this statement. BRICKS countries.
Scientific
Research in
India. ISTIP
Bulletin No
3. P8
South Africa’s investment into R&D in 2009-10
(0.87% of GDP)
•
•
•
•
•
Business sector on R&D spent R11.1b (9.7% decline)
Higher education spent R5.1b
Government spent R4.5b
Non-profit sector spent R189m
International funding for R&D was R2.5b
Year
% of GDP
2007-8
0.93
2008-9
0.92
2009-10
0.87
Target of 2% set for R&D by 2018?
South Korea
 Around 1965 (50 years ago) South Korea poorer
than Mozambique
 5.2% of public spending to R&D
 224 universities (174 are private) for 48m population
 GERD as % of GDP is 3.5% (in 2012)
 Joined OECD club of rich industrialized countries
Research in Germany
 Almost 1000 public and publicly funded institutions of
science, research and development
 More than 500 research and innovation networks and
clusters
 590 000 R&D staff
 In 2012:
 almost 2/3 of research funding was provided by
industry
 18% invested in higher education institutions
Where is the bottleneck?
Broader view
• Relatively small fraction of people in South Africa educated at tertiary
level: ≈ 18% tertiary participation (2011)
A sobering view:
“Of the 1 277 499 grade 1 children
who enrolled in the country’s
schools in 2003, 705 680 had
dropped out before they were due
to matriculate in 2014...”
Number of children that started Grade 1 in
2003 and who then matriculated in 2014
GRADE
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Grade 1
1 277 499
1 303 016
1 233 581
1 186 011
1 172 659
1 122 114
1 105 186
1 116 899
1 177 089
1 208 973
1 222 851
1 235 901
Grade 2
1 111 858
1 109 201
1 118 690
1 082 501
1 051 255
1 031 821
1 003 071
994 410
1 003 353
1 074 788
1 116 427
1 149 894
Grade 3
1 003 331
1 081 956
1 078 001
1 100 150
1 067 684
1 017 656
1 003 394
972 668
957 209
967 373
1 025 185
1 073 447
Grade 4
952 465
985 139
1 061 770
1 073 604
1 091 594
1 050 860
1 018 450
1 002 645
974 860
966 349
964 630
1 036 378
Grade 5
1 035 707
916 911
951 372
1 026 779
1 036 163
1 043 012
1 007 928
978 983
957 203
939 025
923 562
929 735
Grade 6
1 101 740
997 365
898 493
920 187
1 002 266
1 001 852
1 011 105
978 016
946 427
935 446
909 095
894 517
Grade 7
987 876
1 050 554
972 542
872 693
896 545
964 345
969 519
980 747
941 291
912 528
902 099
875 311
Grade 8
976 750
1 010 710
1 052 499
1 021 377
930 522
926 603
989 609
1 001 180
1 008 110
971 509
942 345
935 624
Grade 9
902 129
914 729
930 797
971 493
958 009
902 656
925 417
1 009 327
1 049 904
1 096 113
1 073 060
1 048 823
Grade 10
1 096 214
1 057 935
1 069 494
1 093 750
1 116 765
1 076 527
1 016 360
1 039 762
1 094 189
1 103 495
1 146 285
1 139 872
Grade 11
736 720
829 137
839 009
890 902
920 716
902 752
880 515
841 815
847 738
874 331
834 611
897 342
Grade 12
475 069
505 392
538 909
568 930
626 358
595 216
599 626
579 384
534 498
551 837
597 196
571 819
TOTAL
11 442 710
11 574 437
11 657 358
11 762 045
11 745 157
11 808 377
11 870 536
11 635 414
11 530 180
11 601 767
11 657 346
11 788 663
SOURCE: From 2014 School Realities report as on www.education.gov.za
School Drop Outs 2012 & 2014
Drop Outs in 2012
Drop Outs in 2014
598 800
705 680
The number increased by 106 880!
South Africa: Tertiary Enrolments (CHE Vital Statistics 2011)
25
26
27
Opportunities
 SKA
 Gartner predicts that 4.4 million jobs in Data Science
and Big Data Analytics
 Aviation Industry embracing new technology
 SA Civil Aviation claims 6200 pilots and 200 aircraft
engineers by 2021
 etc……
ISSUES
 Funding for tertiary educational institutions
 Funding to students from low income groups
 Strengthening tripartite arrangement:
Industry – Academia – Government
ISSUES
 Funding for tertiary educational institutions
 Funding to students from low income groups
 Strengthening tripartite arrangement:
Industry – Academia – Government
 Re-engineering the primary/secondary education
landscape
 Changing the risk averse culture (TIA, IDC, SEDA, etc..)
 Fostering the culture of entrepreneurship
ISSUES
 Funding for tertiary educational institutions
 Funding to students from low income groups
 Strengthening tripartite arrangement:
Industry – Academia – Government
 Re-engineering the primary/secondary education
landscape
 Changing the risk averse culture (TIA, IDC, SEDA, etc..)
 Fostering the culture of entrepreneurship
 Value proposition to industry in working with HEI
ISSUES
 Funding for tertiary educational institutions
 Funding to students from low income groups
 Strengthening tripartite arrangement:
Industry – Academia – Government
 Re-engineering the primary/secondary education
landscape
 Changing the risk averse culture (TIA, IDC, SEDA, etc..)
 Fostering the culture of entrepreneurship
 Value proposition to industry in working with HEI
 Culture of long term investment (vis-a-vis short term
bonus!)
 Legislation / contractual obligation to invest into HCD at
tertiary institution
 Tax incentives to industry
 etc……
Let Africa be our world for now!
Conclusion
The opportunities are great but we collectively must
address the skills needed for the Knowledge Economy
Thank You