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US Economic Outlook: The Home Stretch Ryan Wang US Economist HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. [email protected] +1 212 525 3181 October 2012 Disclaimer & Disclosures: This report must be read with the disclosures and the analyst certifications in the Disclosure appendix, and with the Disclaimer, which forms part of it US Economic Outlook: The Home Stretch Since coming out of recession in the middle of 2009, the US economy has expanded at about a 2% rate. We expect a similar pace of growth in 2013. Moderate GDP growth has been too slow to generate a rapid recovery in the labor market. Export growth has weakened this year, reflecting a widespread slowdown in global economic growth. The federal government is approaching a “fiscal cliff” at the end of this year. Abrupt spending cuts and tax increases could derail an already fragile recovery. Recent developments point to a turnaround in the housing market. Higher house prices could eventually lead to stronger economic growth. 2 US GDP growth has averaged 2.2% over the past 3 years 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 Real GDP growth, % year-on-year -4 -5 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis 3 Employment gains have only matched population growth 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Employment-to-population ratio, % Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 4 Unemployment and labor force participation 68 11 10 67 9 8 66 7 65 6 5 64 4 63 3 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 Unemployment rate (left axis, %) 07 08 09 10 11 12 Participation rate (right axis, %) Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 5 The labor market is a dynamic place Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, HSBC 6 Orders for capital equipment are falling 70 65 60 55 50 45 05 06 07 08 09 Monthly capital goods orders (nondefense ex-air), USDbn 10 11 12 6-month average, USDbn Source: Census Bureau 7 Export growth slowing fast 30 65 20 60 10 55 0 50 -10 45 ISM Export Index, 3m avg, 3m lead (RHS) -20 40 US exports, % Yr (LHS) -30 35 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Source: Institute for Supply Management, Census Bureau 8 Global growth still intertwined despite divergences 10 8 10-yr differential Real GDP growth, advanced economies Real GDP growth, emerging and developing economies 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Source: International Monetary Fund 9 Fiscal policy and the growth in federal debt Combination of recession and deliberate fiscal stimulus has pushed federal borrowing up to record levels. Commitments for income support and medical care for the elderly population have created longer-term fiscal problems. The Budget Control Act of 2011 fell short of the $4.0 trillion in deficit reduction necessary to stabilize the nation’s debt to GDP ratio – a key criterion for a triple-A credit rating. The federal government is approaching a “fiscal cliff” at the end of this year. Abrupt spending cuts and tax increases could derail an already fragile recovery. 10 Record federal government budget deficits 10.0 Federal Deficit as % of GDP 7.5 5.0 2.5 0.0 -2.5 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 Source: OMB 11 US debt outlook is becoming unsustainable 100 Federal Debt as a % of GDP 90 80 Current policy projections 2007 projections 70 2011 = 68% 60 50 40 30 20 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 Source: Congressional Budget Office, HSBC 12 Federal pension and health care expenditures rise inexorably 13 Social Security and Health Care Programs, % GDP 12 11 10 9 8 7 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Source: Congressional Budget Office 13 Higher debt leads to higher future interest payments 4.0 Interest payments, % GDP 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Source: Congressional Budget Office 14 State and local gov’ts: Budgetary stress despite stable debt 70 65 Outstanding US bond market debt as a % of GDP: Municipal Treasury 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Source: Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, Bureau of Economic Analysis 15 Four years of state and local government layoffs 40 30 Monthly change in state and local gov't payrolls ('000), 6-month average: 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 16 Three years of falling public construction 300 280 260 240 State and local government construction spending (USDbn, 12-month total) 220 200 05 06 Source: Census Bureau 07 08 09 10 11 12 Fiscal austerity has been a heavy drag on growth 1.0 Government contribution to real GDP growth over the past year, percentage points: 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 Federal government State and local government Total government -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis 18 Housing market and household deleveraging Home sales are rising and house prices have bottomed out. Higher house prices should eventually lead to the end of household deleveraging, setting the stage for stronger economic growth. Timing will depends on the speed of the housing recovery. Mortgage credit is likely to contract for at least another year. 19 Housing market starting to show some signs of life 7.5 Existing home sales, millions 7.0 6.5 6.0 So far in 2012 (annual rate) 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Source: National Association of Realtors 20 Home prices have turned up a little 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 CoreLogic National House Price Index 60 55 50 45 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Source: CoreLogic 21 Homeowners’ equity dropped from 60% to 40% 75 Home equity to home value ratio, % 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Source: Federal Reserve 22 What would it take to get back to 50% housing equity? 24 22 20 18 LOSS OF HOUSING WEALTH 16 14 50% housing equity ratio 12 10 8 6 4 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Household real estate assets, USDtrn 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 Home mortgages, USDtrn Source: Federal Reserve 23 Disclosure appendix Analyst Certification The following analyst(s), economist(s), and/or strategist(s) who is(are) primarily responsible for this report, certifies(y) that the opinion(s) on the subject security(ies) or issuer(s) and/or any other views or forecasts expressed herein accurately reflect their personal view(s) and that no part of their compensation was, is or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendation(s) or views contained in this research report: Ryan Wang Important Disclosures This document has been prepared and is being distributed by the Research Department of HSBC and is intended solely for the clients of HSBC and is not for publication to other persons, whether through the press or by other means. This document is for information purposes only and it should not be regarded as an offer to sell or as a solicitation of an offer to buy the securities or other investment products mentioned in it and/or to participate in any trading strategy. Advice in this document is general and should not be construed as personal advice, given it has been prepared without taking account of the objectives, financial situation or needs of any particular investor. Accordingly, investors should, before acting on the advice, consider the appropriateness of the advice, having regard to their objectives, financial situation and needs. If necessary, seek professional investment and tax advice. Certain investment products mentioned in this document may not be eligible for sale in some states or countries, and they may not be suitable for all types of investors. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, on any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. MICA (P) 038/04/2012, MICA (P) 063/04/2012 and MICA (P) 206/01/2012 25