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3.1 – Metabolism and Energy Read section 3.1 and explain the following terms into your notes. Metabolism Metabolic pathways Catabolism Anabolism Energy Kinetic energy Potential energy Bond energy Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Entropy Free Energy Endergonic Exergonic . . . 3.1 – Metabolism and Energy Explain the following terms. Metabolism Sum of all chemical (anabolic and catabolic) reactions in the cell. These reactions provide life to the organism. Metabolic pathways A specified sequence of reactions in the organism’s cells , catalyzed by enzymes. (ie; cellular respiration). Catabolism Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones (individual subunits). You finish with more molecules than you started with and in the process release energy. (ie; cellular respiration) Anabolism It is building larger molecules from smaller ones. You start with more molecules than you finished with and in the process store energy. (ie; photosynthesis) Energy It is the capacity to do work. In living systems, it drives the metabolic functions. Kinetic energy This is the energy of motion. This is when the stored energy is being used to drive the metabolic functions. Potential energy This is stored energy. In living systems, this is the energy that is available to the organism to carry out metabolism. It is commonly called Chemical potential energy. Bond energy This is the minimum energy required to form or break a chemical bond. Thermodynamics This is the study of the changing energy forms. First Law of Thermodynamics Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only change forms. This means that the total amount of kinetic and potential energy (or entropy and free energy) in a system remains constant. Second Law of Thermodynamics The tendency of any system is to move from order to disorder. Entropy This is a measure of the randomness or disorder. When chemical potential energy is converted, it is eventually lost from the system as heat. Free Energy This is the energy from a chemical reaction that is available to do work. In living systems, this is the chemical potential energy. Endergonic These are chemical reactions that require energy. In living systems, the products contain more free energy than the reactants, thus creating molecules that will provide energy to metabolism. Exergonic These are chemical reactions that release energy. In living systems, the products contain less free energy than the reactants, thus creating molecules that will not provide energy to metabolism and will be recycled.