Download Turkey between Europe and the Middle East

ENLARGEMENT OF THE
EUROPEAN UNION
The Founding Members
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European Coal and Steel Community
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Proposed by Schuman for peace in 1950
Formally established in 1951 by Treaty of Paris
France, W. Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, The
Netherlands, Italy
Went on to sign Treaties of Rome
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ECSC
EURATOM
EEC
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Came to be known as EC
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International organisations governed by same set
of institutions
UK changed policy on joining on EC
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Issued for accession in 1961
Due to Suez crisis
“Non” to the UK accession by French President de
Gaulle
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Due to fear of US influence
1973 - First Enlargement
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Accession of UK, Denmark, Ireland, Norway
UK
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French President de Gaulle no longer in office so
UK no longer has barriers for entry
Colonies – the question of Gibraltar
Norway
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Question put to referendum – rejected
Still adopts policies – Schengen, Europol etc
Contributes to budget, member of EEA
1981 and 1986
Mediterranean Enlargements
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Democracy returns to Greece, Spain and
Portugal
Greece joins in 1981
Spain and Portugal in 1986
1985 – Greenland leaves the EC
1987 – Turkey and Morocco apply
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Morocco not seen as European
Turkey’s accepted, only received candidate
status in 2000, negotiations started in 2004
1981 and 1986
Mediterranean Enlargements
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With the accession of the countries in 1981
and 1986:
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Population increased by 10%
The area of the EU members increased by 20%
The total GDP of the member states increased by
6.8%
But the GDP per capita fell by 3.42%
Fourth Enlargement - EU-15
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Prior to enlargement of 1995, East+West
Germany reunified in 1990
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East Germany part of EC, under “Germany”
EC becomes EU in 1993 - Maastricht
Accession of Austria, Finland, Sweden
Copenhagen criteria established due to
candidacy of numerous post-communist
countries
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Democracy / free market / adoption of EU Law
Fourth Enlargement - EU-15
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With the accession of the countries in 1995:
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Population increased by 6%
The area of the EU members increased by 35%
The total GDP of the member states increased by
6.5%
For the first and only time in any enlargement of
the EC/EU, the GDP per capita increased, by
0.20%
2004: The Big Bang
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In 2004, 10 Eastern, mostly post communist,
countries joined the EU
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Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,
Latvia, Luthuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and
Slovenia.
Less developed states were fear of Western,
more developed members
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Restrictions of certain members on travel/working rights
of eastern people in their countries
Denmark, Finland, Austria
The Fifth Enlargement
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With the accession of the countries in 2004:
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Population increased by 20%, largest single
expansion in terms of number of people
The area of the EU members increased by 18%,
largest single increase in terms of km2
The total GDP of the member states increased
only by 8.8%
It was the largest fall of GDP per capita in any
enlargement. The accession of the less
developed Eastern countries caused a 9% fall in
GDP per capita
Sixth Enlargement - 2007

The accession of Bulgaria and Romania
Were supposed to join in 2004
Romania
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
Government and judiciary reforms not completed
Bulgaria
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More efforts needed in fight against corruption, human
trafficking and reforming judicial sector
Sixth Enlargement - 2007
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With the accession of the countries in 2007:
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Population increased by 6.5%
The area of the EU members increased by 8.5%
The total GDP of the member states increased by
2%
GDP per capita fell by 4%
2013: Croatia
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After Slovenia, Croatia is the second country
from ex-Yugoslavia to join the EU.
The European perspective remains open to
the entire Western Balkans region.