Download Slide 1

Centre for Local Economic Strategies
Resilient Cities: the Role of the Creative Economy
The cities project conference: Creativity and partnerships for cities
urban regeneration
Neil McInroy
Chief Executive
What
is CLES?
What is
CLES?
Established 1986
Run online
magazine:
NewStart
Economic
development but
with social fairness
and within limits of
environment
Independent UK based charity.
No commercial sponsor or
government grants
Planners,
geographers, local
government,
environmental
scientists, economists
Most of work in UK, but
also increasingly
international
Hybrid; research,
consultancy, Local
government
members
The need for creativity: A new era
for place making
Climate change, peak oil, peak water, peak soil, energy
insecurity
Places need to adapt, new ways of sustainable living
Ageing and migration
Challenge to find the public resources
Economic turbulence
Global interdependency but local economies matter more
Development of place is getting harder.
Challenging
!
The
ingredientstimes
to success
New economies
Importance of capital
Networks
Creativity and Innovation
The I Ching (Classic chinese text)
‘Look at what connects and separates
people’
Exploring Ill health, deprivation and
the economy
=
Source: London Health Observatory
Need to work at success?
Scare planners and economic
developers!
GDP and Life Satisfaction 1973 - 2002
200%
180%
160%
GDP
Life Satisfaction
140%
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
But we all want some material
progress!
Human Capital
HUMAN CAPITAL
Human Capital
Social Capital
Private Capital
Private/Physical Capital
Public Capital
Environmental Capital
Environmental Capital
Harnessing the capital and assets
Resilience v sustainability
Key:
Public
Private
Academic
Charity/ NFP
Image & analysis by Daniela D’Andreta
Nick Crossley, Poetics, Volume 37, Issue 1,
Pages 1-98 (February 2009)
Resilience
Resilience is not about the passive maintenance of a situation
Its more active, its about:
being ready to take on opportunities.
responding to shocks
dealing with change
being adaptable and creative
taking a punch and bouncing back
making our places and cities go...............
Resilience
Resilience
Maggie Leininger 2004
Creativity assisting resilience
“Creativity is a mental and social process involving the
generation of new ideas of concepts, or new associations of
the creative mind between existing ideas or concepts,
creativity is fuelled by the process of conscious or unconscious
insight.”
and
“creativity as an assumptions breaking process”
Resilience
Lu Xinjian
Need to understand and harness the ‘dna of place’
We need to search for and nurture qualities in place (the
conditions) which harness creativity and adaptability to huge,
economic, environmental, social, and cultural change
The ‘capitals’, assets and cultures of place are of great
importance
The importance of understanding and building creative
networks and partnerships
Need to build resilient place based relationships.
Health and wellbeing
Creation of place resilience
Governance
Environment
Identity history and context
The local economy
Stages of resilience
The local economy
The resilience work
CLES piloted work in six cities around the world (Portland, Yokkaichi,
Haiphong, Culiacan, Gdansk, Coimbatore and now worked in:
Dandenong,
Australia
Blackburn with
Darwen
Manchester
Southern
Staffordshire
Gloucester,
Cheltenham and
Tewkesbury
Northumberland
Ashfield and
Mansfield
Cambridgeshire
and West
Suffolk
Cherwell
The resilience scale
Resilient – Compelling evidence of robust relationships between the
different spheres in the economy
Stable – Evidence of sound relationships between the different spheres.
Vulnerable – Relationships between the different sectors are significantly
underdeveloped.
Brittle – Little evidence of relationships between different sectors.
Portland-Oregon, USA
Very resilient. With
balance between
sectors
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Creativity between
sectors
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
COMMERCIAL
WORKING WITHIN
ENVIRONMENTAL
LIMITS
Public sector and
economy enables
Urban growth
boundary
GOVERNMENT
PUBLIC
SOCIAL
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT
HISTORY AND CULTURE
Strong ‘green’ identity,
percolating through
place and activity
Gdansk, Poland
Stable to
Vulnerable.
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Bolstered by EU funds
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
COMMERCIAL
WORKING WITHIN
ENVIRONMENTAL
LIMITS
GOVERNMENT
SOCIAL
Public sector
interaction with the
social and commercial
sector is weak.
Competition –V Cooperation in wider
city region
PUBLIC
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT
HISTORY AND CULTURE
Some creativity within
rather than between
sectors
Culiacan-Sinaloa, Mexico
Brittle.
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Lack of connection
between the sectors.
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
COMMERCIAL
WORKING WITHIN
ENVIRONMENTAL
LIMITS
Dominated by ‘fragile’
US Investment.
State-level strategy,
dominated by
business
Environment
degraded.
GOVERNMENT
PUBLIC
SOCIAL
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT
HISTORY AND CULTURE
Coimbatore-Tamil Nadu, India
Vulnerable to
stable
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
An entrepreneurial
culture.
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
COMMERCIAL
WORKING WITHIN
ENVIRONMENTAL
LIMITS
GOVERNMENT
PUBLIC
SOCIAL
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT
HISTORY AND CULTURE
Local government
providing little more
than services
Genuine
philanthrocapitalism,
filling the gaps with
NGOs
Creativity through
‘absence’ of public
sector
Haiphong, Vietnam
Vulnerable to
stable
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
COMMERCIAL
WORKING WITHIN
ENVIRONMENTAL
LIMITS
Strong drive from
government, from
national down to city
Starting to embrace
the free market
GOVERNMENT
SOCIAL
PUBLIC
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT
HISTORY AND CULTURE
A strong
entrepreneurial spirit
Planned creativity?
Yokkaichi and Mie Prefecture, Japan
Resilient. Despite
ongoing recession
from 90’s
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
COMMERCIAL
WORKING WITHIN
ENVIRONMENTAL
LIMITS
GOVERNMENT
PUBLIC
SOCIAL
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT
HISTORY AND CULTURE
Public sector key
actor
A strong focus on
innovation –a
‘technological and
innovation DNA’ –
running through the
place
Strong collective,
place based culture
Performance
Timeline following an event or
opportunity
An opportunity or a
shock/negative
change
Resilient
Stable
Vulnerable
Brittle
TIME
Partnerships in BLackburn
Informal Networks: Who are your 3 closest work colleagues,
people you would go to solve a work problem, to talk something
through or to have a creative conversation with?
Let’s assume some change: Does it
matter?
Conclusions
Successful places are predicated on creative relationships,
and innovative interactions between public, commercial and
social sectors
Place shielding
Existing economic development models have failed to factor
in wider role of culture, capitals and assets
Our places are dependent upon complex connections
Vulnerable to small disturbances
Creativity is key connecting element
Conclusions on resilience
What are the danger signs for an un-resilient place?
Poor blend of sectors
Conclusions
Pilot areas
Great plans
but not based onfrom
an understanding
of
functioning and malfunctioning
relationship
to date
Simple assumptions that cause and effect is linear.
Narrow definitions of ‘success’
Poor consideration of the cultural condictions
Poor understanding of local/global connections
Rigid governance - hierarchical
Centre
Strategies
Centrefor
forLocal
LocalEconomic
Economic Strategies
Email -
[email protected]
Web -
www.cles.org.uk
Magazine - www.newstartmag.co.uk
Twitter -
@nmcinroy
Phone -
(0044) 161 236 7036