Download Government and society

英语国家概况
Australia
Chapter 17
Government and Society
英
语
国
家
概
况
CONTENT
I
Government
II
People
III
Economy
IV
Education
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I
Government
 What is the Commonwealth of Australia
composed of?
 Government system: reflects both the
British and North American models of
liberal democracy but with unique
Australian characteristics.
 Three branches: the legislature, the
executive and the judiciary.
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II
People
 Population: about 20 million in 2005
 Multicultural Society:
 Diversity of Population
 Diversity of Language
 Diversity of Religion
 Immigration into Australia
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III
Economy
3.1 General Review
3.2 Natural Resources
3.3 Tourism
3.4 Plants and Animals
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3.1 General Review
 Western-style capitalist economy
 GDP:
 foreign trade: best-performing industry
 manufacturing:12.5%
 a major exporter:
 agricultural products (particularly wool,
beef and mutton)
 minerals (such as iron-ore and gold)
 tourism (11%of total export earnings)
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3.2 Natural Resources
 Minerals: had a tremendous impact on
the country's human history and patterns
of settlement
 Energy: the only net energy exporters in
the five OECD members
 Agriculture: one of the world’s largest
producers of food, but the lowest
percentage of cultivable area
 Fishery: contain a great variety of marine
life
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3.3 Tourism
City trip
Natural
wonders
Coastal
landscape
Enjoy the
Journey
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3.3 Tourism — City Trip
Sydney
Melbourne
Cairns
Darwin
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3.3 Tourism—Natural Wonders
The Great Barrier Reef
The Golden Coast
Uluru (Ayers Rock)
The Sydney Opera House
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3.3 Tourism—Natural Wonders
Sydney Opera House
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3.4 Plants and Animals
 There are around 20,000 to 25,000
different plants native to Australia.
 Unique animals: marsupials, monotremes,
placental mammals
 National Flower: the Golden Wattle
 National Tree: Eucalypt — Gum trees
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IV
Education
4.1 Elementary and Secondary
Education
4.2 Higher Education
4.3 Major Universities
4.4 Questions
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4.1 Elementary and Secondary Education
 Children between 2 and 6 can go to
kindergarten.
 Most children start their primary school
education at 5 and finish at 12.
 Children enter the secondary school
system at 12 or 13.
 At the age of 17 or 18, they take state
examinations for university entrance.
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4.2 Higher Education
 University: There are 36 universities in
Australia, which have long enjoyed an
international reputation for excellence in
teaching and research.
 vocational training institutions:
providing courses with a strong vocational
focus such as travel, tourism, graphic
design, etc.
 Adult and community educational
institution: well-adapted to the needs of
adult learners.
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4.3 Major Universities
University of Sydney
 established in 1850, the
oldest university in Australia
 ranked the University fifth
best in the world for the Arts
and Humanities
 as a whole was ranked 37th
in the world in 2008
 a member of the Group of
Eight
Fisher Library, the main building of
the University of Sydney Library.
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4.3 Major Universities
University of Melbourne
 The second oldest
university in Australia
 highly regarded in the
fields of the engineering,
arts, law, humanities,
and biomedicine
 "Growing Esteem”—a
plan aiming to
consolidate its three
core activities—
Research, Learning and
Knowledge transfer
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4.3 Major Universities
University of Adelaide
 Established in 1874, it
is the third oldest
university in Australia.
 five campuses
throughout the
metropolitan a rea,
 Its main campus is
located on the cultural
boulevard of North
Terrace
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Questions
 Australia is considered one of the most
interesting and alluring destination
desirable to students who want to study
abroad.
 What special factors have attributed to
helping foreign students make their
decision to study in this land?
 Tips: warm climate, high education
standards, easygoing population
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Questions (cont.)
 How many areas is Australian educational
system divided?
 In what way does the system differ from
that of many other countries?
 Australia is in the South Hemisphere;
therefore the academic year coincides with
calendar year, starting in the end of
January and finishing in December.
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