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National Innovation Systems
and their application
for the study of a National
Innovation System in Mexico
Victor Helios Feria Patiño
Polytechnic University of Valencia
Department of Engineering Projects
Globelics Academy 2007
Ph.D.-School on Innovation and Economic Development
Agenda
Introduction
Approaches about NIS and KBE
Proposed approach for a NIS in
México
Contributions of the proposal
Conclusions & Future work
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
Introduction
The generation of the new knowledge, the technological
progress and the innovation are determinant factors in
the economy growth.
NIS act across the introduction of knowledge in the
economy, that allows the generation of an ideal
environment for the generation of intellectual wealth,
due to his interactive and cooperative character.
In the national level of the advanced economies, the
increasing importance of the knowledge has meant that
the net stock of intangible capital had growth more
rapidly than the tangible capital.
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
Motivation
The importance of knowledge and innovation in the
advanced and emergent countries, can be observed by
the increase in the expenses of R&D as percentage of the
GDP -i.e. 1995 (2,08), and 2004 (2,26)-(OECD).
In Mexico, from middle of the 90’s the National Council of
Science and Technology (CONACYT) begins the first
efforts to tie the innovation and the knowledge to the
economic performance, and
The project Knowledge and Innovation (KIP) (CONACYT
1997), whose target is ‘... to increase the generation,
diffusion and application of the knowledge for the
innovation’, & other Mexican initiatives.
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
Goal
The development of a NIS approach from the
point of view of the knowledge and its application
to an economy in developing like Mexico.
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
NIS approaches
Fernández & Castro (1995).
Arnold & Kuhlman (2001).
Fisher (2001).
Mytelka (2002).
Conclusions/ Future Work
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
Contributions of the reviewed NIS
1. Focus in the interactions between elements,
2. Emphazise the intermediary organizations,
3. Propose that technological sector is separated of the
service and
Castro,1995).
productive
sectors
(Fernández
&
4. Include a political system, a demand, and framework
conditions as conditions that facilitate or hinder the
development of an innovative environment (Arnold &
Kuhlman, 2001).
5. Include an institutional context,
6. Describe the actor competences, habits, and practices
related
to – linkages, investment, and learning determining the nature and extensiveness of their
interactions (Mytelka, 2000)
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
KBE approaches
Knowledge Asset Methodology
(WBI 2002).
Knowledge-based Economy
(OECD 1996, 1999, 2000)
Towards Knowledge-based Economies in
APEC (APEC 2000)
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
Contributions of the reviewed KBE
1. Take into account all the elements that constitute the
economic development of a country
(Economic and institutional,
social & cultural, human capital & education, knowledge, technological
development & innovation, infrastructure of information and communication,
enterprises).
2. Provide a useful analytical base to promote the effective
use, creation and diffusion of the knowledge (APEC 2000)
3. Identify the problems and opportunities from the different
faces of a country, where it can be required to focus the
attention of the policies or future investments (WBI 2002).
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
NIS in Mexico
Fig. 1. A National Innovation System in México
NIS Approaches
Introduction
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
NIS in Mexico
Frameworks
Support elements
Information and comunication
Fig. 1. A National Innovation System in México
Economic
Institutional
Sociocultural
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
NIS in Mexico
Main elements
Subsystems
Government
Financial
Industrial
Technological
and of Services
Scientific
Enviroments
Information and
Fig. 1. A National Innovation System in México
NIS Approaches
Introduction
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
NIS in Mexico
Frameworks
Sociocultural
Subsystems
Financial
Economic
Institutional
Government
Industrial
Technological
and of Services
Scientific
Enviroments
Information and comunication
Fig. 1. A National Innovation System in México
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
NIS in Mexico
Learning
Regulation &
stimulation
Promotion
Aplication
Transformation
Creation
Factors
Access
Fig. 2. The knowledge perspective
Exploitation
Utilization
KNOWLEDGE
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
Indicators (Framework)
In addition to already known (GDP, Inflation, Exchange Rates.):
NIS element
Knowledge
factor
Indicators
a)
Economic
Exploitation Rate of unemployment, minimum wage,
b)
Institutional
Utilization
Regulatory and legal frames, labor, educational
and enterprise associations, time to export
and import, index of transparency, index of
corruption, index of bureaucracy, etc.
c)
Sociocultural
Learning
Educative absortion rate and terminal
efficiency, labor, cultural, social indicators, etc.
d)
Information &
comunication
Acces
foreign investment GDP, indicator of
competitiveness, etc.
PC`s, phones and internet access per 1000
inhab., PC's per schools, libraries per 1000
inhab., etc.
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
Indicators (Environment)
In addition to already known (patents, R+D expenses, personal, etc.):
NIS element
Knowledge
factor
Indicator
a)
Scientific
Creation
Public and private universities and certified
universities, agreements with institutios and foreing
universities, national systems of researchers,
research public institutions (RPI) (CONACYT), etc.
b)
Business
Aplication
Foreign and national companies per sector,
exportations and importations per high technology
sector, etc.
c)
Technological
and Services
Transformation
National register of institutions and companies of
S&T, institutional fund, etc.
d)
Government
Regulation &
stimulation
Institutional structure of S&T, Policies of R+D,
Innovation policies, plans and programs of S&T, etc.
e)
Financial
Promotion
Public and privated financing of R+D, support
programs to companies per sectors, Results of the
plans and programs of S&T, sectorial funds, mixed
funds, fiscal profits to companies, others programs
and funds, etc.
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
Contributions
 Face up to the national innovation in Mexico from a systemic point of
view(Fig. 1).
 Consider
those indicators that allow to measure and to reduce the
distances with respect to other nations in relation to the levels of the
development.
 The
use of the different current frameworks (cultural, social,
institutional, information and communication, economic) is
emphasized since these determine the context on which one tries to
apply the approach of the proposed NIS.
 The
ratification of those elements (and his relations) that integrate
the approach of the NIS proposed in order to evaluate its presence
with regard to this one, in addition to the frames presented
previously.
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
Conclusions
The proposed approach will allows:
Present an initial view of the state that keeps the
science, technology and innovation in Mexico.
Identify the integration level of the current elements
and the proposed approach.
Quantify the results of his management on the whole,
from a systemic approach.
Detect restrictions of the elements and the NIS levels.
Define a base to the decision support, for the
establishment
of
policies
and
strategies
of
R&D&innovation
Introduction
NIS Approaches
KBE Approaches
Proposed NIS
Conclusions/ Future Work
Future Work
Shape the proposal approach.
Identify other relation indicators.
Based on the proposal approach, apply it
to the case of Mexico
Globelics Academy 2007
Ph.D.-School on Innovation and Economic Development
National Innovation Systems
and their application
for the study of a National
Innovation System in Mexico
Victor Helios Feria Patiño
Polytechnic University of Valencia
Department of Engineering Projects
Thank you for
your attention…