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Embassy of Ireland, Helsinki Contents 1. Introduction – Ireland in Summary 2. Changes in the Irish Economy 3. The Drivers of Ireland’s Success 4. The New Challenges for Ireland 5. Resource Slides 1. Introduction – Ireland in Summary Ireland - A Changing Country • Total population: 4.2 million • Highest birth-rates in EU at 15.3 births per 1000 population • Relatively young population with an average age of 35.6 years • Rapid increase in Immigration 1987: net migration -44,000 2006: net migration +70,000 Economic History ► 1922 – 1958 • a basic agricultural economy • self-sufficiency and protectionism strategy ► 1958 – 1973 • opening up and joining Europe (EEC) ► 1973 – 1987 • some success, adjustments, but crises also ► 1987 to date • exceptional development and growth What Changed the Irish Economy ? The Celtic Tiger MAY 1997 1988 –”Poorest of the Rich” Europe’s shining light 1997 – “Europe’s shining light” 6 2006 –”The luck of the Irish” An Economic Snapshot of Ireland, 2007 • GDP €174.7 bn • Exports €138 bn (2006) • Imports €120 bn (2006) • Trade Surplus €18 bn - 10.6% of GDP • Total at work 2+ million (was 1.1m in 1990) • GDP per capita €40,275 • National Debt €37,559 million euro • The average annual rate of increase in Irish GDP has been 5.4% over the 6 year period 2000 – 2006 Source: Central Statistics Office A Decade of Growth Economic Performance Indicators Unemployment % 1995 12.2% 2007 4.4% Gross Government Debt as a % of GNP 82% 21.7% Personal Tax (Lower/Higher Rate) 27/48 20/41 Irish GDP/Capita as a % of EU GDP/Capita 79% (EU-15) 119% (EU-15) Irish GNP/Capita as a % of EU GDP/Capita 70% (EU-15) 101% (EU-15) UN’s Human Development Index ranked Ireland 5th in 2007 Sources: CSO and Eurostat Business-friendly policies ► Young, vibrant and highly-skilled workforce; ► Consistent public policies, including low tax; ► Strong developmental focus nationally, with strong, informal network links; ► Rapid responses e.g. skills development; ► Successful development of high-technology, highproductivity, trade-based FDI; ► Agility, creativity, flexibility and ‘can do’. Economic Growth 7 6 Average Annual % Real GDP Growth 5 EU 4 3 US 2 1 0 Ireland 1970-79 1980-87 1988-93 1994-2006 Source: OECD Economic Outlook The Basis for Success ► Results from development decisions of earlier decades and from EU membership ► European Single Market and Eurozone ► Social partnership and economic stability ► Demographic gains and education ► Low corporate tax – now 12.5% on profits ► Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) ► Performance of Irish management and Industry ► Export focus and global orientation Social Partnership ►1987 - a ‘time for reform’ • rising unemployment (17%) and emigration • public finance deficits and debt (120% of GNP) • loss of jobs and of national confidence ►National Social Partnership Agreement • • • • employers, trade unions, farmers & government moderate wage increases and tax cuts consensus on development priorities shared efforts to achieve national goals Trade relationship with the Global Economy Destination of Irish Exports in 2006 Source: CSO /Forfas Geographic distribution of Irelands Imported Goods in 2006 Source: CSO/ Forfas Strategies in place by economic agencies to increase Irish exports ► Asia Strategy – focused on increasing exports to the growing economies of the Region ► Targeting existing Markets in Europe and North America for continued growth ► Targeting the potential of new markets in Mexico, Brazil, the Gulf, Russia and South Africa The Drivers of Ireland’s Success Irelands Open Economy Key Milestones: ►Industrial Development Authority (1952) ►Dismantling of import tariffs/quotas (early 1960s), ►Ireland joins the GATT (now WTO) (1967) ►Ireland joins the EEC (now EU) (1973) ►Creation of Single European Market (1993) ►Introduction of Euro in physical form (2002) Ireland Campus FAB24-2 IR4 FAB14 IR2 FAB24 IR6 FAB10 IR5 IR1 5,000 Staff; $5bn+ invested – Over 3,000 employed Competitive - but not at the cost of Irish Workers – Second Highest Minimum Wage Source: Eurostat / Federation of European Employers Industrial Disputes and Social Partnership Decline in Industrial Disputes No. Ind. Disputes which began 250 200 150 100 50 0 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 Source Forfas: Education, Skills and Research ‘LEADERS OF TOMORROW’ Investment in Education and Skills • 1960s heavy investment in primary and secondary education begins; • 1967 free secondary education introduced; • 7 Universities, 3 in Dublin, 1 in Cork, Galway, Limerick and Maynooth; • 14 Institutes of Technology located regionally; • Increased third level participation over the three decades. Post-Leaving Cert/High School Structure of Irish Education ‘Ladder - Up’ approach to Advanced Learning Education and Skills ►57% of graduates are in science, engineering, computer or business studies ►Government initiatives to meet future needs: • Expert Group on Future Skills • Educational Technology Investment Fund • Focussed technology courses Full-time Third level students - 1975/76 to 2004/06 in thousands (000) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 5/7 7 19 6 0/8 8 19 1 5/8 8 19 6 0/9 9 19 1 5/9 9 19 6 0/0 0 20 1 4/0 0 20 Source: Higher Education Authority 6 % Population aged 25-34 having at least Third Level Education er UK m H an un y ga P ry ol an d Ita ly G Ir el an Ja d pa K n or ea U Fi SA nl a S nd w ed Fr en an ce 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Source: OECD Education at a Glance Breakdown of Higher Education Graduates Medical & healthcare Arts & Social 12% Sciences 24% Info Technology 10% A rts & So cial Sciences B usiness & related Engineering Sciences Sciences Info Techno lo gy 9% M edical & healthcare Engineering Business & 13% related 32% Source:HEA Human capital development objectives… 100% 90% % labour force 80% 32% 48% Third & Fourth Level (Levels 6-10) 70% 60% 50% Upper Secondary/Further Education (Levels 4,5) 40% 40% 30% 45% 20% 10% 0% 28% 7% Ireland's current Vision proposed skills profile 2005 by EGFSN for 2020 Lower Secondary or below (Levels 1-3) Research & Development ‘LEADERS OF TOMORROW’ R&D in Ireland ► Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation 2006-2013 ► Strong Government commitment and funding, to double both enterprise R&D and doctoral output by 2013 ► Science Foundation Ireland (on NSF model) is attracting world-class researchers to universities ► Strong industry - academic links ► Notable developments with Bell Labs, GSK, IBM, Intel, HP, Wyeth, Bristol-Myers Squibb and many other companies ► 50% of overseas medical technology companies have an R&D responsibility Irish R&D – who finances it? GERD = Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D R&D Tax Credit ► 20% Tax Credit for “Qualifying Expenditure” on “Research and Development” ► Research and Development, includes • Basic research • Applied research • Experimental development (including process development) ► Applies to both Revenue and Capital ► No requirement to retain ownership of resulting IP in Ireland Business Sector R&D Researchers in Higher Education Source: National Competitiveness Council, 2007 3. The New Challenges for Ireland The future will be different ► Globalisation, technology and digitisation ► New Markets / New Competitors ► Changes in economic conditions ► New business models and virtual companies – new patterns of investment ► New aspirations and expectations in society ► Higher value activities and higher skills ► More sophisticated and complex jobs ► Premium on flexibility and responsiveness Vision and Strategy ► Higher value, skills and knowledge based economy ► Innovation placing Ireland at global leading edge in clusters or niches, using enabling technologies ► Ireland will differentiate on the basis of: • performance based on sophistication and quality of operating environment, • our expertise and research, and • flexibility, speed and agility. Enhancing Productivity Growth Source: National Competitiveness Council, 2007 Addressing Productivity Growth and International Competitiveness ► Enhancing Human Capital through development of education and life-long learning ► Increasing infrastructure efficiencies ► Review and reform of the Public Sector ► Focus on moving up the value chain – private sector ► Productivity Improvement Fund ► National Competitiveness Council ► Expert Group on Future Skills Bridging the Infrastructure Gap National Development Plan, 2007-2013 Raising the Economy’s Productivity Growth Potential Programme €billion Annual % of Current GDP Economic Infrastructure €54.7 5.5% Enterprise, Science & Innovation €20.0 2.0% Human Capital €25.8 2.5% Social Infrastructure €33.6 3.3% Social inclusion €49.6 4.9% Total €183.7 18% Human Capital Development Human Capital Development ► National Skills Strategy, January 2007 ► Increase upper secondary completion to 90% ► Increase progression to third level to 72% ► Prepare for occupational changes ► Move 500,000 people in workforce onestep-up the qualifications ladder by 2020 ► Full integration of migrants into education and training system Positive signs for the future … ►GDP growth has been consistently higher than the OECD average over the last decade. ►GNP per capita levels are now in line with the OECD average. ►Ireland maintains an open and attractive environment for overseas investment. ►Entrepreneurship rates are relatively high and the Labour Force is very strong. ►Long standing advantages in our tax system continue to be of benefit. Corporate Tax Rate • Stable Corporate Tax Rate of 12.5% • There is full domestic political support for the low tax rate • European Commission has indicated that 12.5% does not constitute harmful competition • Ireland has selected the “high road” of “full and fair competition” and is “setting the example” (Jeffrey Owens – OECD March 2003) Comparison of Corporate Tax Rates Ireland Netherlands United Kingdom China Belgium France Germany USA Japan 12.50% 25.50% 30.00% 33.00% 33.99% 34.43% 38.60% 39.50% 39.54% Source - Deloitte & Touche, 2007 Tax Reform • • • • • • • • Wide base, low rates Corporate profit taxes Capital gains taxes Income taxes Employer social security taxes Consumption taxes Property taxes Self-assessment system The Top Pharma Companies are in Ireland Energy • 2007 Energy White Paper Objectives: • Security of Supply, Environmental Sustainability & Economic Competitiveness • Creation of all-island energy market 2008 • 33% of electricity from renewables by 2020 – (currently 93% of energy from fossil fuels) • Electricity inter-connection to UK & Europe • Building additional generation capacity • All-island gas storage by 2008 • Retain State ownership of transmission networks • Reduce ESB all-island market share to 40% • €150m investment in energy research • Review of regulatory framework proposed eCommunications ► Strong Progress • High capacity and competitive international connectivity • Strong private sector market participation in fixed, mobile, wireless and services • State investment in metropolitan area networks • Strong rates of broadband take-up ► Government supported regional broadband programme ► Priorities • Rapid development of Next Generation Networks • Pro-competitive regulation • Reinvigorating eGovernment and Knowledge Society agendas Composition of Ireland’s Exports 2000 2005 100,000 90,000 Food, Beverages and other Animal Products Chemicals 80,000 Million € 70,000 60,000 Manfactured Goods Classified by Material Machinery 50,000 40,000 30,000 Other 20,000 10,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: CSO Composition and Destination of Irish Service Exports - 2005 15000 Business Services 12500 Royalties/Licenses Computer Services Million € 10000 Finanical Services Insurance 7500 Communications 5000 Tourism and Travel Transport 2500 Other 0 Not Geographically Allocated Other Regions Asia North America EMU countries United Kingdom Source:CSO Geographic breakdown of Ireland’s Service Imports 2005 17,500 Business Services 15,000 Royalties/Licenses Computer Services Million € 12,500 Finanical Services 10,000 Insurance 7,500 Communications Tourism and travel 5,000 Transport 2,500 Other Not Geographically Allocated Other Regions Asia North America EMU countries United Kingdom Destination of Irish Outward Direct Investment – 2005 /06 Developing Asia Pacific 6% Developed Asia Pacific 3% North America 9% UK 35% Latin America & Caribbean 3% Eastern Europe 16% Africa 1% Western Europe ex UK 27% Human Capital Development ► National Skills Strategy, January 2007 ► Increase upper secondary completion to 90% ► Increase progression to third level to 72% ► Prepare for occupational changes ► Move 500,000 people in workforce one-step-up the qualifications ladder by 2020 ► Full integration of migrants into education and training system Social Partnership Agreements • 1996 fourth pillar introduced – social/community pillar • Current agreement Towards 2016 • Social Partnership grown far wider than wage negotiations • 10 year framework to address ‘key social challenges’ • Social partnership is regarded as having benefited all pillars and as a major contributor to Ireland’s success over last 20 years Enterprise Development ► Indigenous enterprise • Scaling growth oriented companies, internationally focused and innovation-led • Promoting innovation based start-ups and entrepreneurship • Driving productivity growth, management skills, technology use and marketing capability in existing enterprises • Improving access to equity and finance ► Foreign Direct Investment • High value inward investment in advanced manufacturing, sophisticated business services and research and innovation • Gateway approach to regional economic development ► Enhancing our tourism product and developing a market-oriented seafood sector ► Enterprise networks ► Higher education and enterprise collaboration ► Open competitive markets and regulatory reform Strategy for Science, Technology & Innovation, 2006-2013 ► Objectives: • Step-change in enterprise R&D • Double PhD output to 1,312 by 2013 ► World Class Research • Funding excellence in frontier research • Investing in core infrastructure, postgraduate training and early stage researchers and research collaboration ► Enterprise Research & Innovation • Holistic in-company R&D support scheme • Competence centres and higher education collaboration • Innovation Vouchers ► Commercialisation and technology transfer reform ► Orienting sectoral research around policy priorities 62 Thank You Resource Slides