Download Macronutrients

Macronutrients
Carbohydrates
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
Both
macronutrients AND
micronutrients are
essential: meaning, your
body needs them to
function properly
Inorganic vs. Organic Molecules
 Inorganic:
 Molecules
that are not
organic
 Are generally
simple and
are not
normally
found in
living things
 Organic
compounds:
 Always contain
CARBON and
HYDROGEN
Can contain
oxygen,
nitrogen,
phosphorus,
or sulfur
Macronutrients vs. Micronutrients
What are the three nutrients that give you
energy?
 These three nutrients are called
MACROnutrients
 Your body needs a significant amount of
these nutrients
 MICROnutrients
 Your body still needs these nutrients,
but in smaller amounts
 MICROnutrients do not provide energy

How do macronutrients function in the
proper functioning of your bodies?
Provide
your body with energy
needed to:
Grow;
Repair itself; replace old
cells and tissues; &
Perform other specific
functions/cellular processes
Organic Molecules: Basic Structure
What they are made of and how
they are put together.
 All
the macronutrients we study
in Nutrition have the similar
BASIC structures
 Are all organic (contain
CARBON, HYDROGEN)
 Are made up of one type of
unit repeated many times
(except lipids)
Macronutrients: Basic Structure
Single
unit is called the
MONOmer
“Mono” means “one”
Many monomers linked
together makes a POLYmer
“Poly” means “many”
In other words…
Each
MONOMER is
BUILDING BLOCK in the
structure of a POLYMER
Example: each brick in a
brick house is a monomer.
The house is the polymer.
Carbohydrates
 Carbohydrates
are an
essential MACROnutrient:
your body needs a lot of
carbohydrates to function
 Carbohydrates are organic:
they contain Carbon, Oxygen,
and Hydrogen
 “Carbo” = Carbon
“Hydrate” = water = H2O
Naming carbohydrates:
The GENERAL name for the
MONOMER of carbohydrates is
MONOSACCHARIDE
 Mono = “one” and “saccharide” =
sugar
 The GENERAL name for the
POLYMER of carbohydrates is
POLYSACCHARIDE
 Poly = “many” and “saccharide” =
sugar

Naming Carbohydrates Cont…
Carbohydrates
are
recognizable by their
-ose endings
Monomer? Polymer?
We were working with two sugars, lactose and
glucose, trying to figure out which was which
 When lactose was broken down, glucose
became present
Lactose + enzyme 
glucose + galactose

Polymer + enzyme 

monomer + monomer
Look at the other way:
Monomer + monomer  polymer
Glucose + galactose  lactose
Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, &
Polysaccharides
 Oligosaccharides: 2-10
 Disaccharides
monosaccharide units
consist of two monosaccharides bonded
together
Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide = Disaccharide
1
+
1
=
2
 Polysaccharides consist of MANY monosaccharides
and/or disaccharides bonded together
 Mono + mono + di + di ++++++++ = poly
1 + 1 + 1 +++++++ = 100 – 1,000’s
Further Classifying Carbohydrates
 Monosaccharides,
disaccharides,
oligosaccharides are SIMPLE
sugars
 Polysaccharides,
which are made
of MANY simple sugars linked
together, are called COMPLEX
carbohydrates
Specific examples of carbohydrates
 Monosaccharides
Examples:
glucose
(C6H12O6), fructose, and
galactose
 Disaccharides
Examples: sucrose, lactose,
and maltose
Specific examples of Carbohydrates
 Oligosaccharides:
3-10 sugars
 Raffinose and stachyose
 Polysaccharides
 Examples: starch, pectin,
cellulose, and glycogen
 Sugar
alcohols
 Sorbitol,
xylitol
A Note on the Classification of
Monosaccharides
• The monosaccharides commonly found in
humans are classified according to the
number of carbons they contain in their
backbone structures.
• The major monosaccharides contain three
to six carbon atoms (triose, tetrose,
pentose, hexose (glucose).