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Isomers, Lewis Structures, Connectivity and Sigma Bonds Breathalyzer Test for Ethanol (Investigate This 5.1) H2SO4 CH3CH2OH + Cr2O7 2- orange Quick Time™a nd a TIFF ( and LZW) d ecomp res sor Quic kTime™ ar e nee ded to seea this pictur e. TIFF (LZW) decompress or are needed to see this pic ture. H3C + H2O H + Cr 3+ green unbalanced rxn Quic kT i me™ and a T IFF (LZW) dec om pres s or are needed t o s ee thi s pi c ture. before rxn QuickTi me™ and a T IFF (LZW ) decompressor are needed to see t his pict ure. after rxn with ethanol Does Rxn Work For Other Alcohols (5.1)? QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. n-butanol iso-butanol C4H10O QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. sec-butanol QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. tert-butanol Breathalyzer® Reagent Before Adding Alcohols (5.1) QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Results of Breathalyzer® Tests on Various Alcohols (5.1) ethanol sec-butyl alcohol QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. n-butyl alcohol tert-butyl alcohol iso-butyl alcohol blank (acetone only) Connectivity Matters: Rxn Does Not Work with tert-Butanol H2SO4 General Rxn: Quic kTime™ and a (LZW) decompress or R2CHOH + Cr2O7 2-areTIFF needed to see this pic ture. QuickTime™ and a QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor TIFF (LZW) are needed to seedecompressor this picture. are needed to see this picture. tert-butanol unbalanced = + H2O + Cr 3+ R2CHOH (no H is directly bound to the hydroxyl C) Molecular Orbital Theory e- in atoms exist in quantized E states atomic orbitals (AOs) e- in molecules exist in quantized E states molecular orbitals(MOs) MOs form from combination of AOs and belong to molecule as a whole Forming MOs e- in AO is a wave e- waves from two different AOs can interfere constructive (waves added) destructive (waves subtracted) result of interference = two MOs Forming H2 MOs from H AOs s* is higher E than AOs s is lower E than AOs one AO from each H atom H H two MOs of H2 Molecule H-H MO Energy Level Diagram (“MO Diagram”) for H2 No e- ‘occupies’ this s orbital. The bonding e- pair ‘occupies’ this s orbital H2 forms because e-’s are at lower E in MOs vs the parent AOs