Download EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON LIVING ORGANISMS

EFFECT OF
POLLUTION ON
LIVING ORGANISMS
ACADEMIC YEAR- 2010-2011
TEACHERS NAME1)MISS-AUTADE MRINAL MADHAV
2)MISS-RANDHIR MANISHA FAKIRA
INTRODUCTION
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Pollution effects are indeed many
and wide-ranging.
There is no doubt that excessive
levels of pollution are causing a lot of
damage to human & animal health,
plants & trees including tropical
rainforests, as well as the wider
environment.
TYPES OF POLLUTION
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SOIL POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
All types of pollution – air, water and soil
pollution – have an impact on the living
environment.
The effects in living organisms may range from
mild discomfort to serious diseases such as
cancer to physical deformities; ex., extra or
missing limbs in frogs.
Experts admit that pollution effects are quite
often underestimated and that more research is
needed to understand the connections between
pollution and its effects on all life forms.
AIR POLLUTION
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Air pollution is the introduction
of chemicals, particulate matter, or
biological materials that cause
harm or discomfort to humans or
other living organisms, or cause
damage to the natural
environment or built environment,
into the atmosphere.
The atmosphere is a complex
dynamic natural gaseous system
that is essential to support life on
planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone
depletion due to air pollution has
long been recognized as a threat
to human health as well as to the
Earth's ecosystems.
Indoor air pollution and urban air
quality are listed as two of the
world's worst pollution problems
in the 2008
CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
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Combustion Engine Exhaust
Cars, trucks, jet airplanes and other combustion
engine vehicles cause air pollution. The exhaust
from these contains carbon monoxide, nitrous
oxide and gaseous oxide.
Factories, office buildings, homes and powergenerating stations burn fossil fuels, which cause
air pollution. The burning of oil and coal (fossil
fuels) also contributes to smog. This air pollution
destroys plants, damages buildings and creates
oxidation on iron.
Petroleum refineries release hydrocarbons and
various particulates that pollute the air.
Some power lines are not insulated and are high
voltage. This creates air pollution.
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Pesticides used to kill indoor and outdoor pests,
insecticides used to kill insects and herbicides use
to kill weeds all cause air pollution.
Radioactive fallout causes air pollution from the
nuclear energy dispersed, which is a dust. Fertilizer
Dust
Dust from fertilizers used to help plants grow
causes air pollution.
Sick building syndrome (SBS) is the term used
when there is indoor air pollution. This happens
when there is not enough ventilation to disburse
the toxic fumes from new carpet, paint and/or
cleaning chemicals that are used indoors. Mold
can also cause
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
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Air Pollution Effects (1, 2)
Reduced lung functioning
Irritation of eyes, nose, mouth
and throat
Asthma attacks
Respiratory symptoms such as
coughing and wheezing
Air Pollution in Philippines
Photo: Jim D Stitch
Increased respiratory disease such
as bronchitis
Reduced energy levels
Headaches and dizziness
Disruption of endocrine,
reproductive and immune systems
Neurobehavioral disorders
Cardiovascular problems
Cancer
Premature death
How you can help to prevent Air
Pollution?
1. Go in for water-based paints instead of
varnishes
2. Use minimum amount of natural gas
and even electricity
3. Avoid the use of firecrackers
4. Always buy recycled products
WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is the
contamination of
water bodies (e.g.
lakes, rivers,
oceans and
groundwater).
Water pollution occurs
when pollutants are
discharged directly or
indirectly in to the
water bodies without
adequate treatment
to water.
Causes of water pollution
The sources of water pollution is addition of
various waste product in the fresh water
bodies1.Industrial waste
2.Agricultural waste
3.Use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers
4 Discharge of urban waste
EFFECTS OF WATER
POLLUTION
Waterborne diseases caused by polluted drinking water:
 Typhoid
 Amoebiasis
 Giardiasis
 Ascariasis
 Hookworm
Waterborne diseases caused by polluted beach water:
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Rashes, ear ache, pink eye
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Respiratory infections
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diarrhoea, vomiting, and stomach aches
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Damage to the nervous system
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Liver and kidney damage
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Damage to the DNA
Preventive measures of water
pollution
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Measures to prevent water pollution are to
conserve and protect water quality - in
terms of its use reduction and disposal,
waste water treatment, technical changes
and recycling.
Education is one, teaching people about
consequences will make most of them to
become more responsible and avoid
dumping things into the sea, which takes
care of the physical garbage.
Soil pollution
Soil pollution is defined
as a phenomenon
characterized by the
loss of structural and
biological properties
by the soil layers as a
result of numerous
human and natural
factors, such as wind,
deforestation,
chemical use, among
others, etc.
Causes of soil pollution
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Soil can become contaminated in many
ways. Chemicals, like herbicides and
pesticides, are major polluters; oil dumps,
landfills, and industrial wastes can also
wreak havoc.
Effects of soil pollution
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Causes cancers including leukaemia
Mercury can increase the risk of kidney damage;
cyclodienes can lead to liver toxicity
Causes neuromuscular blockage as well as
depression of the central nervous system
Also causes headaches, nausea, fatigue, eye
irritation and skin rash
Contact with contaminated soil may be direct
(from using parks, schools etc) or indirect (by
inhaling soil contaminants which have vaporized)
Preventions of soil pollution
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Reducing use of chemicals.
Reforestation and recycling of wastes.
Weed control.