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3-1 Electricity Principles & Applications Eighth Edition Richard J. Fowler Chapter 3 Basic Circuits, Laws, and Measurements (student version) McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3-2 INTRODUCTION • Circuit Symbols (p 46) • Circuit Diagrams • Parts of a Circuit (p 45) • Measuring Electrical Quantities (p 53) • Calculating Electrical Quantities (p 47) (p 45) McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3-3 Dear Student: This presentation is arranged in segments. Each segment is preceded by a Concept Preview slide and is followed by a Concept Review slide. When you reach a Concept Review slide, you can return to the beginning of that segment by clicking on the Repeat Segment button. This will allow you to view that segment again, if you want to. McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3-4 Concept Preview • Electrical components can be represented by schematic symbols. • A complete circuit needs a power source, a load, conductors, and insulation. • A schematic diagram doesn’t show the physical layout of the components. • Insulation, although required, isn’t shown on a schematic diagram. McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3-5 Symbol Cell Device (p 46) + Terminal Resistor (p 43+) Symbol Device Symbols and Components McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3-6 This complete circuit uses the following: (p 45) •An energy or power source •A control device •A load •Conductors •Insulation (not shown) McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3-7 Constructing and Checking a Lamp Circuit (p 58) . 1 52 V- mA 2 V 20 200 DC 2k AC 20K Cell COM mA V Select and arrange the components. Connect a wire from: 1) the cell to the switch, 2) the switch to the light, and 3) the light to the cell. Connect the meter, and flip the switch. McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3-8 Circuit Quiz An electrical component has a ____ as well as a name. The long bar on the cell symbol is the ____ terminal of the cell. symbol positive A complete circuit has a ____ ____ that forces current to flow. power source A complete circuit often has a ____ ____ that turns the circuit off and on. control device A complete circuit has a ____ that controls the current flow. load A complete circuit has ____ that route the current . conductors McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3-9 Concept Review • Electrical components can be represented by schematic symbols. • A complete circuit needs a power source, a load, conductors, and insulation. • A schematic diagram doesn’t show the physical layout of the components. • Insulation, although required, isn’t shown on a schematic diagram. Repeat Segment McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 10 Concept Preview • Select the correct function on a meter before making a measurement. • Interrupt the circuit to measure current. • Remove power from the circuit before measuring resistance. • Observe polarity when measuring current or voltage. McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 11 MEASURING VOLTAGE (p 58) Connect - lead to - terminal of source Select the dcV function S1 B1 15 V SPST mV V mA A k R1 dc COM - +VA ac 1 k Connect + lead to + terminal of source McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 12 MEASURING CURRENT (p 59) Select the dc mA function S1 B1 15 V SPST mV V mA A k R1 dc COM - +VA ac 1 k McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 13 MEASURING CURRENT (p 59) Connect the - lead so S1 B1 15 V SPST R1 Select the dc mA function that electrons enter it Physically interrupt the circuit mV dc 1 k McGraw-Hill V COM mA - A k +VA ac Connect the + lead to the other point © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 14 MEASURING RESISTANCE (p 57) Select the k function S1 B1 15 V SPST mV V mA A k R1 dc COM - +VA ac 1 k McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 15 MEASURING RESISTANCE (p 57) Remove power (open switch) S1 B1 15 V Select the k function SPST mV V mA A k R1 dc COM - +VA ac 1 k Connect the leads McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 16 Measurement Quiz Select the correct ____ of the meter before measuring an electrical quantity. function When measuring voltage, the meter’s positive lead positive is connected to the ____ terminal of the source. When measuring current, the meter’s ____ lead receives electrons from the circuit. negative When measuring ____ , the meter is connected to the points created by interrupting the circuit. current Power is removed from the circuit before measuring ____. McGraw-Hill resistance © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 17 Concept Review • Select the correct function on a meter before making a measurement. • Interrupt the circuit to measure current. • Remove power from the circuit before measuring resistance. • Observe polarity when measuring current or voltage. Repeat Segment McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 18 Concept Preview • Ohm’s law states that I = V/R. • Rearrangement can yield V = IR. • Rearrangement also yields R = V/I. • Any of three formulae can be used to calculate power. McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 19 CALCULATING CURRENT (p 48) S1 B1 36 V SPST R 1.8 k V 36 V = 0.02 A = 20 mA I= = R 1800 McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 20 CALCULATING RESISTANCE (p 49) A B1 24 V 0.03 A R V 24 V R= I = = 800 = 0.8 k 0.03 A McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 21 CALCULATING VOLTAGE (p 49) A B1 0.15 A R 270 V = IR = 0.15 A x 270 = 40.5 V McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 22 CALCULATING POWER (p 49) A V 0.2 A 54 V 270 P = IV = 0.2 A x 54 V = 10.8 W P = I2R = 0.2 A x 0.2 A x 270 = 10.8 W P = V2/R = (54 V x 54 V) / 270 = 10.8 W McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 23 Calculation Quiz Determine I when R = 10 and V = 25 V. 2.5 A Determine R when I = 1.3 A and V = 26 V. 20 Determine V when R = 15 and I = 1.2 A. 18 V Determine P when I = 3.3 A and V = 16 V. 52.8 W Determine P when I = 4 A and R = 20 . 320 W Determine P when V = 8 V and R = 16 . 4W McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 24 Concept Review • Ohm’s law states that I = V/R. • Rearrangement can yield V = IR. • Rearrangement also yields R = V/I. • Any of three formulae can be used to calculate power. Repeat Segment McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. 3 - 25 REVIEW • Circuit Symbols • Circuit Diagrams • Parts of a Circuit • Measuring Electrical Quantities • Calculating Electrical Quantities McGraw-Hill © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved.