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Terms to know for Africa: You will use the following terms to complete the attached questions. All questions should be answered in complete sentences. Africa has over 1000 languages and 3000 ethnic groups It has 13% of the world’s population (780 million) 91 people per square mile or 424 PPSM on only arable land Only 6% of Africa is arable Nigeria is the most populated country (10th in the world) Cairo is its most populated city (16 million) It has 53 nations and is 3x the size of the US the hottest temperature recorded was in Libya at 136 degrees in 1922 The poorest countries have an average income of less than $100 a year 50% of Africa’s population is under the age of 15 It is like an upside down pie Birth rate is 43 per 1000 & the death rate is 13 per 1000 Largest country is Sudan named after the Arabic Bilad as-Sudan or “land of the blacks” Atlas Mountains—mountains in NW Africa North West Africa (Mahgrib) Rock of Gibraltar – name comes from the Arabic “Jebel Tarik” or “Tarik’s Mountain” who was the Muslim Berber who landed there in 711 launching an Islamic invasion of Europe through the Iberian Peninsula Strait of Gibraltar is 9 miles at its narrowest Sahel—area between the Sahara and savanna North Africa/Sahara (3.5 million sq. miles/ ¼ of Africa) Oasis-A small patch of vegetations surrounded by desert (an awesome rock band from the 90’s, a Mediterranean restaurant near my home in Lexington Hammads/Hamadas- Elevated plateaus of rock (Atlas Mountains) Ergs- Seas of sand dunes that make up 20% of the Sahara with little to no vegetations Tuareg- A mainly nomadic people that live in the Sahel and Sahara region Arid- A land or climate having little to no rain Desertification- A land degradation problem, turning productive land into nonarable land due to poor management Regs- A mixture of sand and gravel, described as desert pavement, makes up 70% of the Sahara, remnants of sea beds Wadi- the bed of a river or gulley that is normally dry except during the rainy season Marginal land- Land unsuited for food crops, difficult to cultivate Pastoral Nomads- Groups of people in North Africa who are dependent on and move from place to place with their cattle Shifting Agriculture- growing cycle in which farmers clear land, plant crops, harvest then allow land to grow over and clear again Drought- Extended dry period due to lack of precipitation Desert- Dry often sandy regions existing at low latitudes, covers 1/5 of the Earth’s surface Nomad/Bedouin- Arabic term for ‘one who lives out in the open desert’ their population numbers about 4 million Cash crops- Crops that are grown and sold for profit Great Rift Valley—where the earth is pulling apart Sinai Peninsula—located between Africa and Asia Horn of Africa—where Somalia is located Suez Canal--Connects the Med to the Red. Built by the French in the 1860s Nile River—longest in the world; 4160 miles long Aswan Dam along the Nile in Egypt built in the 1960s Niger River—main river in West Africa; 2590 miles long Congo River—main river in central Africa; 2900 miles long Zambezi River – located in southern Africa; 4th longest in Africa; 1600 miles long Victoria Falls—largest waterfall in the world; 5604’ wide (comparison—Niagara Falls is only 3947’) Mount Kilimanjaro—highest mountain in Africa; 19340’; means “that which cannot be conquered” Lake Tanganyika—Deepest lake in Africa, 2nd deepest lake in the world, 4th largest lake in the world. Home to Gustave—a 20 foot man eating crocodile Lake Malawi/Nyasa—4th deepest lake in the world & 2nd deepest in Africa Namib Desert—highest sand dunes in the world; located in Namibia & 2nd largest desert in Africa Namib Desert—1200 miles long; means “place of no people” Kalahari Desert—”means “the great thirst” Lake Assal—lowest elevation in Africa; -512’ feet below sea level Lake Victoria—largest lake in Africa and third largest in the world Chad and Lake Chad. Named after the word for “Lake” Savanna—grassland in Africa Diseases & Death in Africa River Blindness—spread by the black fly Nodding Syndrome Guinea Worm Disease AIDS Malaria Diarrhea AIDS Epidemic a disease that affects a large number of people in an area Pandemic infectious disease that spreads over a large area (AIDS) Madagascar –4th largest island in the world Rwandan Civil War led to the deaths of over 800,000 in 100 days in 1994 as Hutu and Tutsis slaughtered each other Darfur area of Sudan fighting between ethnic groups has killed over 400,000 and displaced over 1 million. Also involves a civil war in Chad. Monrovia, Liberia –capitol named after US President James Monroe The country named after the Latin word “liber” for “liberty” Cape of Good Hope—southern tip of Africa; reached by Dias in 1488 South Sudan—newest country in the world Nigeria—most populated country in Africa. 148 million—8th most populated in the world. Average per capita GDP is $1500