Download Team RFID CDR

Mike Loptien
Kirk Spowart
Mike Gauthiere
Chris Reid
Vincent Wu
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Read an RFID tag from 10 feet
Implement WIFI capabilities
GPS integration
Use microcontroller
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Current technology cannot read a passive tag
from more than 5 inches
Active tags are generally encrypted and very
hard to use
Active tags would require construction of our
own antenna and reader hardware
Wifi too difficult for this semester alone
GPS too costly and not necessary for our
project
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Read a passive tag from 3-4 inches
Implement a touch screen and high-resolution
display
Store data on an SD card
Audio output
NIOS II on Cyclone II FPGA
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Grocery store: embed a passive tag in the price
tags of items and store data about that item in
the reader
Retail stores: similar idea
Museum: scan a tag near an exhibit to get info
about it
Basically a good way to tie information to a
physical object
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ID-12
Passive tag reader
Max read range: 4”
Simple Circuit and
data reading
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Collision detection
is handled by the
ID-12
It only outputs data
when it correctly
reads and decodes
a tag
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Output on D1, pin
8
LED Control on
LED, pin 10
Format Select on
+/-, pin 7
176 bits of output
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Output is inverted
176 bits at 9600 baud
16 serial packets, 1
start bit, 8 data bit, 2
stop bits and 0 parity
bits
Least significant bit
first
Transmits ASCII
characters
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Checksum
XOR of all output
packets
The Cyclone II
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Up to 50MHz
Will contain the NIOS II, SPI bus, Graphics
controller, and RFID translation logic
Cyclone II has good documentation, good
supporting software, good expandability
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Implemented on the Cyclone II FPGA
Fully customizable processor
Customizable onboard RAM
C compatible through the Altera IDE
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Used to control data input and output
Video controller
RFID input analyzer
SD interface
Programmed through USB blaster
SPI bus, UARTs, Ram, Interrupt Priority,
Custom Pin selection
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COM : Common - Connects to the housing
WP : Write Protect Detect Switch
CD : Card Detect Switch
P9 : Not used in SPI mode (Pin 9 on SD Card)
IRQ : Not used in SPI mode (Pin 8 on SD Card)
DO : Serial Data Out
GND : Ground - Connect this to
COM to ground the housing
CLK : Serial Clock
VCC : 3.3V Power
DI : Serial Data In
CS : Chip Select
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Standard Capacity SD Memory Card: Up to and including 2 GB
High Voltage SD Memory Card – Operating voltage range: 2.7-3.6 V
Default mode: Variable clock rate 0 - 25 MHz, up to 12.5 MB/sec interface
speed (using 4 parallel data lines)
Card removal during read operation will never harm the content
Built-in write protection features (permanent and temporary)
Card Detection (Insertion/Removal)
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Learn to communicate with SD/MMC on Altera Board
Connect our own SD/MMC breakout board and communicate
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Six-wire communication channel
(clock, command, 4 data lines)
Error-protected data transfer
Single or Multiple block oriented
data transfer
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When reading and writing to the SD card, the key problem is timing. The
program must adhere to strict read/write timing to read and write data to/from
the SD card.
Read Timing
Write Timing
Code
Description
Code
Description
S
Start bit (= 0)
D
Data bits
T
Transmitter bit (Host = 1;
Card = 0)
X
Don’t care data bits (from
SD card)
P
One-cycle pull-up (= 1)
*
Repetition
E
End bit (= 1)
CRC
Z
High impedance state (-> = 1)
Cyclic redundancy code bits
(7 bits)
Gray / White
Card Active / Host Active
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Command from host to card is fixed 6 bytes packet
NCR-Command Time Response 0-8 bytes for SD
DI signal must be kept high during read transfer
When a command frame is transmitted to the card, a response to the
command will be sent back to the host
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One or more data blocks will be sent/received after command response
Data block is transferred as a data packet that consist of Token, Data Block
and CRC
Stop Tran token means the end of multiple block write, it is used in single byte
without data block and CRC
Single Block Read
Multiple Block Read
Single Block Write
Multiple Block Write
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Sharp PSP Screen:
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480x272 Resolution
24 bit color (8 for each R,
G, B)
CLK, Hsync, Vsync, DISP
Control pins
CLK = 9MHz
Vsync = 17.1 KHz
Hsync = 60 Hz
Hantouch Touch Panel
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4 wire analog resistive
Requires A to D converter to
determine location of touch
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Goal: Accept commands from NIOS processor
to create image and control output to the LCD
screen
Solution: Create a “Soft Graphics Controller” on
the Cyclone II FPGA
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Command set
 Write text
 Write vector shapes
 Write bitmaps
 Manage image ‘layers’
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Rasterizer
 Convert characters into bitmaps & write to layer
 Convert vector shapes into bitmaps & write to layer
 Write bitmaps to layer
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Layer Parser
 Determine layer order, size & position
 Write parsed layers to frame buffer
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Screen Control Logic
 Manage LCD control pins
 Clock dividers, etc.
Layer Example
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Texas Instruments TSC2102 PDA Controller
Chip
Configuration & communication via SPI
 A to D converter for touch panel
 A to D converter for battery voltage level
measurement
 Stereo audio DAC & headphone amp
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 Multiple audio codecs
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Two ways to design battery power system for
RFID reader
Main option is to use a flyback regulator and
transformer with three secondary windings
Alternate option is to use three linear voltage
regulators
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Pros:
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May use less power, parts may be less expensive,
we would gain practical knowledge and experience
Cons:
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More time would be required, voltage regulators still
needed so flyback regulator and transformer may be
superfluous, not a very big part of project so may not
be worth several weeks of effort that can be spent on
other parts of the project
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Pros:
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Much simpler to implement battery system, can
handle the amount of juice we’ll need to power
devices
Cons:
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May consume more power
Example of Planned Battery Pack
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6 V, 1400 mAH nickel metal hydride battery
pack
Two ways to build our battery pack
Solder end to end
 Connect with the battery bars
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CDR: Order components, PCB design, board &
processor familiarization, begin hardware modules
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Milestone 1: Finish RFID transceiver, memory, tag ID
database
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Milestone 2: Finish touch screen interface, finish
graphics controller, finalize control software
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Expo: Finish and test the final software, audio output,
construct casing
• Embedded systems & microprocessors: Mike L
Mike G
• Power & batteries: Vince / Chris
• SD Card: Kirk
• Circuit construction: Chris / Vince
• Low level software: Kirk / Mike L
• High level software: Vince / Mike G / Chris