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Calvin College Engineering Senior Design Team 10 March 28, 2008 Outline Introduction Design MFC Power Regulation System Monitoring Feed/Waste System Budget Moving Forward Team 10: Members Jared Huffman Brianna Bultema Achyut Shrestha Chris Michaels Project Division Four Main Parts of Our Biobattery Project Microbial Fuel Cell Electrical Monitoring Electrical Regulation Feeding and Case Design Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward How Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) Work Story of Electrons: Anode • Electrons from Acetate to Geobacter • Geobacter sends electrons outside itself to electrode Cathode • Electrons combine with Oxygen and Protons to form water Introduction Design Schematic courtesy of Derek R. Lovely (Microbial Energizers: Fuel Cells the Keep Going?) Budget Moving Forward Microbial Fuel Cell Design Species: Geobacter Metallireducens Most Efficient Colonization and Power Density Widely tested Membrane: Cellophane vs Nafion Balance Cost and Permeability Electrode: Carbon Cloth vs Carbon Porous Block Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Design Goals USB Power output 5V, 5% tolerance 0.1-0.5A Refillable Food Supply with Alert Semi-Continuous System Monitoring User friendly Indicates Failure Mode Improved Power/Volume Ratio Anode Cube Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Anode Cube Waste Output Food Input Electrode Location (Each Face) MFC Design Regulation Monitoring Food/Waste Budget Design Fuel cell arrangement and composition Will use a combination of serial and parallel circuit design Lower chance of battery and circuit failure Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Design Regulation Must output 4.75V-5.25V and 100mA-500mA for USB compatibility Must overcome low current problem Must step up voltage from about 3.3V to 5V Will use the Maxim MAX1524 Boost Controller Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Regulator Circuit Fig. Regulator circuit Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Parallel vs. Series Configuration Regulator M F C Regulator M F C Fault signal Monitor Fig. Parallel configuration Introduction Design Fault signal Monitor Fig. Series configuration Budget Moving Forward Parallel configuration Parallel configuration of regulator and monitor circuits Preserve system integrity Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward MFC Monitor Design Goal Monitor the status of the system and communicate relevant status to user Requirements Update user the system status feed and waste removal voltage produced by MFC circuit integrity, for e.g. over-current, short circuit Use minimum power to monitor the system User friendly Components RoHS compliant and lead free Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward MFC Monitor Design Voltage output from MFC Feed/waste removal signal ADC micro-controller Fault signal LCD Fig. Block diagram Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Monitor Design Initial State Waste Interrupt Vin MFC alert good Output interrupt warning bad Fig. State Machine Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward MFC Monitor Design AVR butterfly kit Atmega169 microcontroller 10 bit ADC & LCD Low power consumption: < 500µA RoHS compliant No speciality hardware/software need for programming Introduction Design Fig. Block diagram Budget Moving Forward Feeding and Waste System Food Solution Bladder Tubes and Valves Thumbscrew Valves to Control Rate One Way Valves to Prevent Backflow Cubes Fed in Sets of 2, Bottom to Top Waste Tank Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Feeding and Waste System Food Solution Bladder Filled by User Periodically Anode Cube Anode Cube Cathode Tank Anode Cube Anode Cube Waste Tank Emptied by User Periodically Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Decision-Making Process 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Brainstorm (Group and Individual) Discuss Design Requirements Research Design Present Design to Team Refine Design Present Refined Design to Team Order Parts Assembly Testing Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Budget Preliminary Budget estimation = $750 Spent Geobacter & media Testing components such as tubes, AVR butterfly kit $350 Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Budget Planned Electrodes and membrane Feeding and waste system Electrical components $400 Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Budget Donation Test equipments from chemistry and biology departments Plexiglas, carbon cloth and membrane Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Obstacles and Plans Case design Need to find a tank for the cathode Need to select and acquire a feed bladder Must find a waste tank Must select an appropriate feed rate Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Obstacles and Plans Bacteria testing Must have a bio-film formation on the electrode Need to select a secondary, non-competitive aerobic bacteria Plan to allow Geobacter to colonize electrodes before applying secondary bacteria Plan to create a large supply of media Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Obstacles and Plans Electrical regulation Need to order parts Need SchmartBoard to solder surface mount parts Need to test circuit in lab Electrical monitoring Need to interface the different components with the monitoring system Complete system test Introduction Design Budget Moving Forward Questions?