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PC Maintenance –Cs 006
Simple Troubleshooting on PC
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Troubleshooting guide for the
Motherboard
• Motherboard is the main part of computer.
• Any error or problem may result in whole system
failure.
• Before you do any thing else, you must remove
enough of the case cover so that you can see
the CPU and the BIOS ROM.
• Then, get out your penlight and your notebook
and pen or pencil. As you move through the
next few steps, write down every bit of
information you identify.
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Essential steps
• Identify the processor’s class model. For
example, is it an Intel 8088, 286/16, Intel
Pentium III 600, Slot 1, AMD Athlon, or another
processor.
• Identify BIOS manufacturer and its version level.
For example, Phoenix BIOS I4HS10 rev 4.05.10.
This information can be obtained during the boot
sequence, if you are fast, or from a label on the
BIOS chipset or on the BIOS manufacturer’s
Web.
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Cont…
• Identify motherboard manufacturer and model –
Near the edge of the motherboard, you will find
a block of printed information that identifies the
manufacturer, the model number, and possibly a
revision level.
• Identify the bus type- Which expansion buses
are supported on the motherboard or any riser
boards in use PX, ISA, MCA,EISA, VLB, PCI etc.
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Identifying the problem
• There are three general failures directly related
to the motherboard. These are best
characterized by a POST (power-on self test)
beep code and the action immediately following
it. These three categories are beep, boot and
bam.
• To begin the identification process, power on the
PC, listen and look and then go to the section
below that most appropriates what you heard
and saw.
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No Beep, No Boot
• The PC power is on, you can see lights on
the front panel, but as near as you can tell
the POST process did not run.
1. Check both ends of the main power cord,
especially where it connects to the back of
the PC, to make sure that it is fully pushed
into the connector or receptacle. Inspect
the power cord for corrosion, damage or
loose connection.
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Cont…
2. Check the power source outlet or proper
voltage with a multimeter or (Digital
voltage meter). If may be easier just to try
plugging the PC into a different outlet. If
the PC plugged into a power strip, its
varistor may have been blown out by an
electrical surge. Some plug strips have a
fuse or circuit breaker that can be reset.
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Cont…
3. Check the power supply fan to see if is turning.
If it is turning, the problem may be in the power
supply, and you need to troubleshoot it.
4. If power supply fan is spinning, but nothing else
is happening, the power to the motherboard may
be faulty. For example, you may have a +12V
source, but no +5V or +3.3V supplies. It may
also be that the power good line from power
supply is not coming on for some reason.
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Cont…
5.Verfy that the power connectors from power
supply are firmly seated and in the correct
position. Check to make sure the power supply
connector on the motherboard is firmly seated.
6. If the PC is in a public area, such as a
laboratory, student lab, library, or another open
and unsecured location, there could be a
missing processor, or expansion card.
Unfortunately, theft is common on PCs to which
there is public access.
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Cont…
7. Look for smoke and smell for burnt wire.
• You may want to use a small magnifying
glass to examine the motherboard and its
components for heat damage.
8. Try reseating all the expansion cards,
memory modules, and if the PC older, the
ROM BIOS chip. You may want to check
on any socket – mounted chips on the
motherboard.
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Cont…
9. Remove the motherboard from the case
and place it on an antistatic surface or
material. Reconnect the motherboard to its
power and device connectors and attempt
to boot . If it works, something in the case
or a part of the mounting of the board is
causing it to short while it is in the case.
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Beep, No Boot
•
If the PC powers on, but the POST
process appears to halt after sounding
one or more beeps, then follow this
troubleshooting procedure.
1. Make sure the PC’s monitor is on and
operating properly.
2. Look up the pattern used on the BIOS in
your PC.
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Cont…
• Each BIOS manufacturer uses a different
and unique pattern of beep tones to signal
errors. Once you know what you are
listening for, attempt to write down the
pattern of the beep tones. Remember that
tones are short or long with varying length
pauses inserted between beep series.
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Cont…
• You may need to reboot several times
before you are sure, consult your
motherboard’s documentation or visit the
BIOS manufacturer’s Web for its meaning
and a suggested procedure to correct the
problem.
3. Check to make sure that the CMOS
battery jumper is in the correct position.
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Cont…
• Inspect the CMOS battery for leak,
corrosion or burns. You should also check
the battery with multimeter. It could just be
time for a new battery.
4. If the beep codes are for something very
generic, check the video card by removing
and installing it. If it does not work, try
swapping it out for another video card of
the same type, if available.
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Cont…
• Depending on when the error detected by the
POST , you may get some text message or a
part of the BIOS information. If so, study the
information displayed; it ca usually provide clues
to where the problem is occurring.
5. Remove the RAM chips or modules and try to
boot with different combination of memory
modules in different slot on the board.
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Cont…
• Verify that the RAM chips or modules in use are
compatible with the motherboard, chipset and
processor. Also be sure that modules are
installed in the proper sets., and try to reboot. 6.
Reset the expansion cards.
7. Remove all of the expansion boards, except the
video adapter. If the system reboot, the problem
is likely one of the boards or the expansion bus
on one of the expansion slots.
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Cont…
• Disconnect the system speaker. It could
be shorting to the board.
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Beep, Boot, Bam
• In this situation, the PC is powered on, the
POST completes and singles an all clear
but the PC fails at the beginning or the
boot sequence or right after the boot
complete.
1. Study the BIOS information displayed on
the monitor and verify that the boot drive
sequence is set correctly.
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Cont…
2. Check the hard disk drives to ensure that
you have only one Master disk and one
Slave on each IDE cable.
Check the boot sequence. If boot still fails,
change the boot sequence and attempt to
boot off an alternative media(CD/DVD,
etc)
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Cont...
3. Try replacing the controller card of the
boot disk and reboot.
4. Review your motherboard manufacture’s
Web site for further detailed explanation
on compatibility.
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