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Educational Research
CECS 5610
Dr. Gerald Knezek
University of North Texas
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Educational Research
 Definition:
Educational Research is a systematic
investigation, involving the collection of
information(data), to solve an educational problem
or contribute to our knowledge about an
educational theory or practice.
 Methods:
• Qualitative
• Quantitative
Research Methods
1. Qualitative Research
• the emphasis is on conducting studies in natural
settings using mostly verbal descriptions,
resulting in stories and case studies rather than
statistical reports.
 Types of Qualitative Research
• Observational
• Ethnographic
• Checklist

Research Methods
 2.
Quantitative Research
• involves the use of numerical
indices to summarize, describe, and
explore relationships among traits.
 Types of Quantitative Research
• Survey Research
• Pseudo-Experimental
• Experimental
Bloom's Taxonomy
Knowledge:
Category
- of Specifics (terminology, facts)
- Of Ways and Means of Dealing
with Specifics (conventions,
1.
classifications, criteria, methodology)
-
Of Universals and Abstractions
(principles, generalization, theories)
Bloom's Taxonomy
Knowledge:
General Description
- Recall of specifics and universals, methods,
and processes, pattern, structure of setting,
knowledge objectives emphasize most the
psychological processes of remembering.
Bloom's Taxonomy
Knowledge:
Illustrative Items
- About what proportion of the population of Canada is
living in cities?
1. 10% 2. 20% 3. 40% 4. 50% 5. 60%
The volume of a given mass of gas varies directly as the
____ and inversely as the __.
1.
Pressure and temperature
2.
Temperature and pressure
3.
Atomic weight and pressure
4.
Temperature and atomic weight
Bloom's Taxonomy
2. Comprehension
Category
- Translation
- Interpretation
- Extrapolation
Bloom's Taxonomy
Comprehension (contd…)
General Description
Lowest level of understanding of what is
communicated. Can use idea being
communicated without necessarily being
able to relate it to other ideas or see all its
implications.
Bloom's Taxonomy
Comprehension (contd…)
Illustrative Items
Four less than three times a certain
number equals eight. In algebra this may
be expressed as:
1. 4-3x=8
3. 3x-4=8
2. 4x-3=8
4. 4+3x=8
Bloom's Taxonomy
3. Application
General Description
The use of abstraction in particular and concrete situations.
Illustrative Items
Two basic laws governing an electrical circuit are:
Voltage=(Current)X(Resistance)
Power=(Voltage)X(Current)
If an electric iron develops greater resistance, its power will:
1. Increase 2. Remain the same 3. decrease
Bloom's Taxonomy
4. Analysis
Category
of Elements, of Relationships, of Organizational
Principles
General Description
Breakdown of a communication into its
constituent parts, such that relative hierarchy of
ideas is made clearer and /or the relations between
the ideas expressed is made clear.
Bloom's Taxonomy
Analysis (contd…)
Illustrative Items
The given figure represents a hoop of 28”
diameter. If the hoop is rolling without
slipping in the indicated direction, how
many inches has point A moved
horizontally when the hoop has finished
half a turn?
Bloom's Taxonomy
5. Synthesis
Category
Production of a unique communication,
Production of a plan, and Derivation of a set of
abstract relations
General Description
Putting together of parts to form a whole;
analyzing and combining pieces in such a way as
to constitute a pattern or structure not clearly there
before
Bloom's Taxonomy
6. Evaluation
Category
- Judgements in terms of internal criteria
- Judgments in terms of external evidence
General Description
- Making judgments about the value of
material and methods for given purposes.
Judging extent to which material and
methods satisfy given criteria.
Desirable Test Attributes
 Reliability (consistency)
• Internal
– Goal >= .90
– Odd-Even (Spearman-Brown Prophecy
Formula)
– Kuder-Richardson
• Test -Retest
• Equivalent Forms
• Relationship to Standard Error of
Measurement
Desirable Test Attributes

Validity ( Relevance)
• Objectivity, Balance, Fairness
• Criterion Validity
– Predictive
– Concurrent
• Curricular Validity
• Construct Validity
• Content Validity
Desirable Test Attributes

Practicality
• Time Constraints
– Construction
– Administration
– Scoring
• Testing Environment
Test & Item Analysis

Performance of Items
– Test Reliability
– Validity
– Item Difficulties
– Item Discriminations
• (top 27% - bottom 27%)
Test & Test Analysis


Performance of Class
–Mean & Standard Deviation
– Median
– Range
Performance of Student
– Total Score
– Standard Error of Measurement
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