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P&I Technologies
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P&I Technologies
P&I Technologies
LECTURE SERIES
Protection, Control &
Metering
of an
Electrical Grid
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On-site Training
Realize the value of bringing training on-site
Flexible
Cost-effective (one fixed cost)
Allows as many or as few employees as you need
No travel expenses
Delivered when/where you want
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On-site Training
Realize the value of bringing training on-site
Real-world training & solutions customized to your business
Lower training costs
A consistent learning experience
Training courses can be delivered “off-the-shelf”
Slightly modified or completely customized to your needs
Designed for immediate, measurable results
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On-site Training
Benefits
Courses are planned around individual/department schedules
Delivered in any format
Teams learn with real-world, mission-specific examples
Productivity maintain with flexible course scheduling
Train groups of employees to significantly reduce expenses
Tailor the course material to fulfill corporate needs/expectations
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On-site Training
Methodology
1  Assess Client’s Needs
2  Design Course Around Assessment
3  Collaborate on Delivery Dates, Time & Duration
4  Program Delivery
5  Follow-up
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Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
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Core P&I Courses
BasicElectrical
ElectricalTheory
Theory
Basic
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
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Basic Electrical Theory
Introduces the fundamental concepts of AC/DC electrical circuits, which
form the basis to all electrical/electronic systems
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
• Ohm's Law, Series and Parallel Circuits
• Kirchhoff's Laws
• DC Network Analysis & Metering Circuits
• Conductors and Insulators
• Capacitors, Inductors and Electromagnetism
• Complex Numbers, Reactance and Impedance
• Transformers
• Polyphase AC Circuits
• Power Factor
• AC Metering
• AC Motors
• Transmission Lines
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SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS
Parallel
IT
IR1
IR2
IR3
VT
RT
IT
VT = I1R1 = I2R2 = I3R3
VT = ITRT
or IT =
IT = I1 + I2 + I3
or
VT VT VT
VT
or
=
+
+
R1 R2 R3
RT
VT
RT
1
1
1
1
RT = R1 + R2 + R3
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Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital
Digital––Electric
ElectricCircuits
Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
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Digital – Electric Circuits
Introduces binary logic concepts fundamental to understanding modern
digital systems
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Binary Arithmetic
Logic Gates & Switches
Electromechanical Relays
Boolean Algebra & Karnaugh Mapping
Combinational Logic Functions
Sequential Circuits, Shift Registers
Digital-Analog Conversion
Digital Communication
Digital Storage (Memory)
Principles of Digital Computing
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Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
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Basic Power Metering
Introduces the fundamentals of instrument and revenue metering
in utilities and industry
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
•
•
•
•
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The operation and components of polyphase watthour meters
Various Metering Standards, Instrument Transformer connections
Blondel’s Theorem
120/240 single phase connections and metering
3 Phase 3 Wire metering
3 Phase 4 Wire metering
Phasor Diagrams
How to take Cross Wattmeter Readings
How to calculate metering quantities using various formulas
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Basic Power Metering
WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)
Circuit:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
Meter:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
“A”-Base, CT’s
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Basic Power Metering
WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)
Circuit:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
Meter:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
“A”-Base, CT’s
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Basic Power Metering
WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)
Circuit:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
Meter:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
“A”-Base, CT’s
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Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic
BasicPower
Power System
System Protection
Protection && Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
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Basic Power System Protection & Control
Introduces concepts which are common to P&I and basic
principles of protective relaying
Upon completion participants will be able to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Verify feeder protection settings/co‐ordination
Calibrate, function test, test trip, take and analyze cross readings
Identify common types of faults & their effect on the power system
Calibrate various type relays (over current, voltage and timing)
Perform function tests on feeder protections
Take a set of cross readings and plot the results
Determine if the input quantities are correct
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Basic Power System Protection & Control
3 Ph Step-down Wye - Delta Transformer
H1
H1 H2 H3
H2
H3
Single Line Schematic
VBR-sec
Vrw-sec
VWB-sec
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Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
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Advanced Protection & Control
The protection & control principles of High Voltage Stations
Upon completion participants will be:
• Familiar with calibration and functional test of line relays
• Trip testing
• Analyze current versus phase angle readings
• Familiar with typical relaying philosophy at high voltage stations
• Current Procedures and Practices related to modern P&C discipline
• Microprocessor Based relaying
• The IEC61850 standard and SCADA Based Telemetering
• The Smart Grid
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Advanced Protection & Control
Remote Trip Protection
Instantaneous
Tripping
Instantaneous
Tripping
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Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
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Transformer Fundamentals
The basic principles of all types of transformers that can be found in
most High Voltage Stations and industry
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mutual inductance and basic operation
Phasing & Winding configurations
Voltage regulation
Potential & Current transformers
Air core transformers
Power capacity, Energy losses
Stray capacitance and inductance
Core saturation
Inrush current
Oil Insulation & degasification
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Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
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Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Safety Orientation
The fundamental concepts of electricity
The effects of electricity on the human body
Recognizing common electrical hazards
Hazard Assessment
Electrical Protective Devices
Lockout/Tagout
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Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Arc Flash
Identify Hazards
Busway Surveying of undocumented areas
Obtaining up to date One-Line and Short Circuit Studies
Reduce Hazards
Purge ALL Non-Current Limiting Fuses
Install RK5 Fuses in bus plugs up to 200 Amp
Install RK1 Fuses in bus plugs above 200 Amp
Protect
Using the Arc Flash Calculator to Identify Arc Flash Energy
and Hazard Category
Printing and Appling Labels to ALL panels identifying
Hazard Class and Appropriate PPE
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Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
How Arc Flash Incidents Occur
Phase to ground or multi-phase short circuit by:
Conductive tool during maintenance or other work activity
Dirt, moisture, insects, or animals
Mechanical failure of non-current carrying parts
Mechanical failure of current carrying parts
Loose connection in current carrying parts
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Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
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Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Racking 480 volt circuit breakers on and off the bus
require at least this level of PPE!
What is wrong with this picture?
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Samples of Courses
Basic Concepts of Electricity
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Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Basic Concepts of Electricity
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Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Basic Concepts of Electricity
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Samples of Courses (cont’d)
AND Gates
Buffers
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Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Fuses
Sectionalizers
Bus Main Protection
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Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Circuit Breakers
Basic Anti-Pump Logic
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Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Solid State
Relays
Instantaneous
Overcurrent Relay
Typical Electro-Mechanical
Time Overcurrent Relay
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Samples of Courses (cont’d)
High Impedance Differential Protection
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Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Pilot Wire Protection
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Samples of Courses (cont’d)
X
X
stn A
stn B
X
X
Load
X
R(fault)
Z(line)=R(L)+jX(L) (line end with
3ph short cct applied)
Impedance Relaying
stn B
R(fault)
Z(relay)=R(fault)+Z(line
partial)
Z (load)
Z (op)=Z(relay)=Z (line)+Z (load)
Z' (op)=Z(relay)=Z (line)+Z(load')
(where load' > load)
Z(load')
Zone II
relay charateristic
Z' (op)
stn A
Z (op)
system operating point
R
The effect of Z(load) is much more significant compared to Z(line), here we show the vector
summation of Z(relay)=Z(line)+Z(load). The true system operating point is outside the zone II
relay charateristic and near the "R" axis.
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Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Smart Grids
Electricity Markets
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Design Course Around Assessment
Determining the content of the course(s)
1) Basic Electrical Theory
2) Digital – Electric Circuits
3) Basic Power Metering
4) Basic Power System Protection & Control
5) Advanced Protection & Control
6) Transformer Fundamentals
Determining the content of the course(s) is based
on the assessment of the clients’ Requirements
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Design Course Around Assessment
Determining the client’s equipment/infrastructure
High Impedance Differential Protection
Impedance Relaying
Bus Main Protection
Transmission Lines
Transformers
Circuit Breakers
Fuses
Electrical Instrumentation
Sectionalizers
Electrical Safety
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Design Course Around Assessment
Determining the client’s equipment/infrastructure
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Assessing Client’s Needs
Who are the target learners?
• Evaluate what is required to bring them up to
the same level as a starting point for the P&I
training sessions
What is the system’s infrastructure?
• Determine what electrical equipment the client
is looking to maintain
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On-site Training
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Dates and Time dependent on the Client and Attendees
Duration dependent on:
 Assessment of the attendees skill level
 How much the client wants added to the sessions
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On-site Training
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 At a location of the clients choice
 Laptop computer (PowerPoint) generated format
 Projection equipment supplied by client or instructor
 Tour of clients facilities to point out lesson examples
 Logistical breaks (coffee, lunch etc.) provided by the client
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On-site Training
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 P&I Technologies will stay in touch for new training updates
 Repeat session for new employees can be arranged
 Small training modules can be designed around new equipment
 Client can request other lessons for development by vendor (P&I
Technologies)
 P&I Technologies will be looking to partner with manufactures of
protection and control equipment to provide specific product
sessions in the future
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Instructor
Professional Experience
Siemens - Business Development Manager T&D
AECON Industrial - Business Development Manager – Nuclear
Wardrop Engineering - Divisional Manager Business Development – Power Sector
Graham Van Brunt
B. Sc.; P. Eng.
CFLCO. (Churchill Falls Labrador Corp.) – Director Operations & Maintenance of
the Power facility comprised of 11 hydraulic generators; output 5,400 MW over
multiple EHV lines
DST Consulting Engineers (Marketing) - Corporate Marketing Manager
Ontario Hydro (Marketing) - Energy Service Manager, Customer Energy
Manager, Sr. Marketing Supervisor
Ontario Hydro (Engineering) - Sr. Protection & Instrumentation Instructor
Pakistan, Sr. Protection & Control Engineer
Confederation College (Thunder Bay) - Instructor - Electrical
Education
Queen’s University – Kingston, Ontario B. Sc. Electrical Engineering
Wilfrid Laurier University – Waterloo, Ontario – School of Business
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Contact us at:
P&I Technologies
Graham Van Brunt
B. Sc.; P. Eng.
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P&I Technologies
End
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