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1 2 • CanSat Is a Simulation of a Real Satellite • It Performs a Mission and Collects Data • Typical Missions Can Be Atmospheric Measurements, Video • Capture, Picture Taking, Communications, or Navigation • The Missions Can Be Simple or Complex • The Only Requirement Is that the Mission Must Fit in a Twelve Ounce Soda Can • This Program will introduce you to How CanSat is Built • It Includes most subsystems found in Satellites 3 • CanSat Shall Be Built to Fit in a Standard Soda Can– • Diameter Is 130+/- 2 mm • Weight is usually less than 700 gms. • No Parts of the CanSat Shall Extend Beyond the Surface of the Soda Can Until Deployed • CanSat Shall Operate off of Battery or Solar Power • CanSat Can Use Communications(usually RF communications) – Antennas Should Be Flexible. • A Parachute Shall Be Properly Secured to One End of the CanSat. 4 • CanSat Is Launched on a HighPowered Model Rocket – The Rocket Is 4” in Diameter and About 7’ Tall – Capable of Reaching Over a Mile in Altitude – CanSat Is Stowed in the Upper Airframe Below the Nose Cone • The Rocket Is Launched and When It Reaches Apogee, the Rocket Breaks Apart to Eject the Main Parachute – This Causes the Upper Portion of the Rocket to Point Down • The Nose Cone Will Fall Out and the CanSat Will Fall Afterwards • The Parachute Brings the CanSat Gently Back to Earth 5 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • “Satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavor” Wikipedia • “An artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in order to collect information or for communication” – Oxford Dictionary • Various Definitions for satellites have been given. • Main concepts for the satellite – • Orbit around the planet. • Collects information for sending back to ground station. 6 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • A Satellite Is Made Up of Six Major Subsystems: • Power Subsystem • Data Handling Unit/Ground Control Systems • Communications Subsystem • Sensor Payload or Subsystems • Structure • Attitude Control Subsystem • Following slides will explain each subsystem in larger detail and will use <satellite name> as reference 7 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • The Power Subsystem Provides Electrical Power to the Satellite. Usually, this is provided using solar panels. • Solar Panels Are Comprised of Solar Cells, i.e., Semiconductor Devices Called Photovoltaic. • Designers Select the Types of Solar Cells to Meet Their Power Requirements, Budget, Mass and Size. • Various types of Batteries used in the power system are – • Ni-Cd. • NiH2 • Li-Ion. • The main precautions required in the design of the power system is the fault detection unit. 8 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • The Data Handling Unit (DHU) Is a Computer That Controls the Flow of Data and Instructions. – It Controls Payloads and Collects Data From the Payloads – It Accepts Commands Received by the Communications System and Sends Data to the Communications System for Transmission to the Ground Station – It Is the Brains of the Satellite. 9 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • The satellite usually contains a radio receiver for transmitting data to the ground system and receiving commands from the ground station. • The Spacecraft Has a Transmitter Used to Send Telemetry (i.e., the Name for Data Sent or “Down-Linked” From the Spacecraft). 10 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • Payloads on a Satellite Are Generally Some Type of Sensor • It Can Be a Radio Receiver Designed to Detect Certain types of Signals • It Can Be a Camera Used to Take Pictures of the Earth in Various Light Spectrums. • It Can Be Radiation Detectors, or Any Type of Sensor to Detect Something. • The sensors are responsible for the navigation and control system. 11 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • The structure of satellite is generally made of Al or other light-weight material. • Attitude Control Systems Allow the Orientation of the Spacecraft to Be Controlled. 12 13 •Time Limit: 45 minutes 14 15 Team Logo Here (If You Want) Electrical Subsystem Mechanical Design Software Analysis 16 Team Logo Here (If You Want) Kill switch/signal Buzzer(5V) GPS(3.3V) Motor Driver(3.3V) 5V CanSat Batteries 9V Voltage Measurement Hardware(9V) 9V Arduino (9V) 5V 9V on/off Motor(9V) Motor Driver(5V) 3.3 V SD card(3.3V) P&T Sensor(3.3V) Radio Transceiver(3.3V 17 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • The power budget is the allocation of power to be consumed by the components of the system. • This requires the analysis of the power requirement of each of the components and is an integral part of the design of the power system. • This is required to determine the distribution of power and total power required in the system. 18 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • The Antenna selection is done on the basis on Link Budget. • Link Budget equation – PRX = PTX + GTX + GRX – LTX – LRX – 20log(4πd/λ) • • • • P: Power G: Gain L: loss in transmission or receiver The last term accounts for channel loss 19 Team Logo Here (If You Want) BMP 085 (T&P sensor) Sampling rate: 50 KHz Buzzer Gather Data Transmit Data to Ground Read GPS Data GPS Data (Sampling Rate: 1 Hz) Impact Measurement MMA 7361 (Accelerometer) (Sampling rate: 100 Hz) after payload has landed SD Card FSW written on Arduino Nano (Payload) Xbee Radio ‘START’ to activate telemetry Data Read Battery Voltage Electromechanical Deployment Mechanism + Aerobraking structure 20 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • The Communications Subsystem Is a Transmitter Radio Used to transmit telemetry Which Is the Data Collected in the CanSat. • This system allow the CanSat to send the data back to the Ground Station that can process the data to get relevant information. • This is one of the most critical parts of the CanSat design that requires the knowledge of the CanSat, the Ground System as well as the channel. • The following are the selection criterion: • Gain • Range • Frequency • Price 21 Team Logo Here (If You Want) • The micro-controller is the main data handling unit for the CanSat. • We are using an Arduino as the microcontroller unit for the CanSat. • The selection is done considering the following outlined requirements: Arduino Uno Arduino Mega 2560 Arduino Nano Processor Speed(MHz) 16 16 16 Operating Voltage 5 5 5 Data Interface (D/A) 14/6 54/16 14/8 Size(cm x cm) 6.5x5.2 10.1x5.2 4.3x1.85 Flash Memory(kB) 32 128 32 Price(in USD) 25 65 50 22 Team Logo Here (If You Want) Factors affecting sensor selection for a CanSat system: (in priority order) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) According to the desired operation Operating Frequency, accuracy, sensitivity, range of operation Data interface required Power Consumption Weight, cost and dimensions 23