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TOPIC 3: THE ONO RULE DO PROFESSIONALS HAVE A MORAL OBLIGATION TO DO THE RIGHT THING IN THEIR JOBS? • To answer this question, society has agreed upon a rule: Opportunity + Need = Obligation • ONO • Opportunity • Need • Obligation • “To Whom much is Given, Much is expected/Required” • This means that if we give you an important job with lots of benefits, we expect more out of you. (If a company’s product is bad, we blame the Manager, not the worker) OPPORTUNITY •Opportunities exist because professionals have special training and skills. • For example, I will not have the same opportunity to save a drowning child as a Lifeguard would have. The lifeguard has special training and skills to handle the situation that I do not have. OPPORTUNITY • For there to be an opportunity, the Professionals must have: • Expertise (Experience) • Knowledge • Skills • Must also have: • • • • Resources Time $$$$ Freedom • Expertise + Resources makes opportunity. Remember, if you have the skills, but not the time or $$$$, then there is no opportunity. PRACTICE: QUESTION 1 • In the past, you went to college and got a degree in Business Management. You are now the teacher for a class of Senior College Students. You teach Business Management. A student comes to you and says that he is studying for a Chemistry Exam and he really needs your help. Is this a good OPPORTUNITY for you to help him as a professional? • You are the owner of a small lawyer’s office. You have a lot of money in a bank account set aside only to be used to help the poor clients. You also have a lot of time free right now because your co-worker is handling all the cases. A poor client comes and asks for your help with a lawsuit. Is this a good OPPORTUNITY for you to help him as a professional? GENUINE NEEDS • There must not only be an opportunity for the professional to help, there must also be a Genuine Need for their help. • A profession is something that satisfies a need of society. The question then is, what counts as a “genuine” or ‘important need?” • The more immediate or vital a need is, the more likely it is that there is a genuine need. NEED • Biological Needs: most basic: health, food, water, shelter (doctor) • Purpose of Life Needs: assist as you pursue what gives meaning/purpose to your life (teacher, counselor) • Lifestyle Requirements: necessary for living in your society (car, telephone) • Luxuries: wants, desires if all other 3 are filled (DVD collection) PRACTICE: WHAT NEEDS DO THESE JOBS SATISFY AND IN WHAT CATEGORY DOES THAT NEED FALL? • Electrician (1) • Car Salesman (2) • Music Teacher (3) • Furniture Salesman (4) • Movie Producer (5) • Financial Adviser (6) OBLIGATION •Because they have the opportunity, and the people need their help, professionals are obligated to meet the needs. ONO • “Professionals have more OPPORTUNITY than other folks because of their special skills, and exposure to genuine NEED in society – therefore, they have moral OBLIGATIONS to help meet those genuine NEEDS. Are These Jobs Professions? • Computer Engineer (1) • Chinese Pop Singer (2) • Dentist (3) • Firefighter (4) • Astronaut (5) • Photographer (6) • Journalist (7) • Flight Attendant (1) • Nurse (2) • Book Writer (3) • Secretary (4) • Fashion Designer (5) • Business Manager (6) • Architect (7) HOW TO MAKE AN ETHICAL DECISION: ETHICAL TOOLBOX • 2 Levels: • Level 1 – • Cognitive Elements • Have Facts, Knowledge • Non-Cognitive Elements • Clear and Open Mind • Controlled Emotions ETHICAL TOOLBOX •Level 2 – • 3 Elements: • Decide what is right • Be motivated to do what is right • Have the appropriate emotional Response