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Roots and Stems
What are roots and stems and why do plants have
them?
Parts of a Root
8
7
7
Made of
Xylem and Phloem
9
2
1
8
9
3
6
4
5
Root Hairs
Root Hairs

Root hairs increase the surface area for
absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

Made from epidermal cells.

Found above the meristem
Root Cap


The protective covering of the root
Protects the apical meristem as it moves
through the ground.
Meristem

Tissue that contains undifferentiated cells.
Apical Meristem
(Apex = tip)

Located above the root cap.

Increases the length of the plant.
Lateral Meristems
(Lateral = side)

Responsible for secondary growth (width).

Primary cause of tree rings.
What are the two types of roots?


Taproots and Fibrous
Roots
Taproots:

Single, thick
primary root.

Can penetrate as
far down as 60
meters.

Anchors the plant
very securely.

Can plumb deep
water sources and
store nutrients.
Fibrous Roots

Small branching roots.

No taproot.

Increases surface area.

Does not anchor as securely.
Function of roots:
Uptake of Water and Minerals
Anchor the plant
Stems

Possible functions of stems:

Supports leaves, flowers, and fruits


Conducts water, nutrients and products of
photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.


Xylem and phloem in the stem
Can store water


Tree branches
Ex: cacti
Can be responsible for asexual reproduction.

Stem cuttings