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Plant Classification Emily Quaill Bryophyta: Mosses group of plant- Seedless Nonvascular characteristics• Emerald green color, some look like a clump of grass • Tolerant of harsh weather conditions • Absorb water and nutrients directly • Rely on free-standing water to reproduce habitat- Damp environments close to the ground, or surfaces such as tree trunks because of rhizoids how they reproduce- Spores examples- peat moss, polytrichum commune *Mosses are the most common nonvascular plant. Hepatophyta: Liverworts group of plant- Seedless Nonvascular characteristics• Thallose Liverworts-lobes of liver fat on the ground • Leafy Liverworts-stemlike and leaflike structures, most often arranged in rows of three • Get moisture directly from the surface of the soil habitat- Damp environments such as wet rocks how they reproduce- Spores examples- Marchantia polymorpha, Scapania paludicola * Though Thallose Liverworts are easier to find, Leafy Liverworts are much more common Anthocerophyta: Hornworts group of plant- Seedless Nonvascular characteristics• The main plant body has a flat, lobed appearance similar to thallose liverworts • Little green horns rise above the flat plant body • Grow low to the ground to get nutrients and water habitat- Tropical forests and along stream around the world how they reproduce- Spores examples- Coontail, Rigid hornwort * The little green horns that rise above the flat plant body actually produce the spores. Lycophyta: Club Mosses group of plant- Seedless Vascular characteristics• Depend on water for reproduction • Grows up off the ground • Look like tiny pine trees "ground pines" habitat- Cooler temperate areas in northern regions how they reproduce- Spores examples- Stagehorn, Foxtail * They belong to the oldest living group of vascular plants. Pterophyta: Ferns group of plant- Seedless Vascular characteristics• Horsetails- tan, rough leaves that grow in whorls around a tubular stem; contain silica • Ferns have large leaves called fronds • Need water to reproduce habitat- Ferns: tropics, Horsetails: wetland areas how they reproduce- Spores examples- Whisk ferns, horsetails Ferns are the most successful survivors of the Carboniferous period with about 12,000 species alive today. Cycadophyta: Cycads group of plant- Cone Bearing Seed characteristics• Look like palm trees with large cones, provided food for dinosaurs • Slow growth • Large, stiff evergreen leaves habitat- Tropical areas in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia how they reproduce- Gymnosperm examples- Cycas rumphii, Cycas revoluta Huge forests of cycads grew during the Mesozoic era, 248 million to 65 million years ago. Ginkophyta: Ginkgoes group of plant- Cone Bearing Seed characteristics• Fan-shaped leaves that start out green and change into a golden color • Slow reproduction rate, and slow growth • Large seed size habitat- Along streams around the world how they reproduce- Gymnosperm example- Ginkge biloba Native to China and survived cultivation by Buddhist monks since the year 1100. Coniferophyta: Conifers group of plant- Cone Bearing Seed characteristics• Grow quickly, tall, and old • Needle-like leaves • All year round trees, well adapted to poor soil, high altitudes, and sloping hillsides habitat- All around the world how they reproduce- Gymnosperm examples- Pines, Cedars, and Junipers A bristlecone pine in California is the oldest tree at 4700 years old. Anthophyta: Flowering Plants group of plant- Flowering Seed characteristics• Have flowers that contain seeds • Endosperm is within the seeds • Have fruit that contain the seeds habitat- Most forests, grasslands,and terrestrial areas how they reproduce- Angiosperm examples- Marigold, Petunia, Apple Tree The most diverse of all land plants, and are about 90% of the Kingdom Plantae.